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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120901 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2559483
This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 11209, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Author and Conference Committee lists.
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Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019)
Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120902 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2541465
We propose and demonstrate an open-cavity fiber extrinsic Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometer (EFPI), fabricated by using 800 nm femtosecond (fs) laser micromachining, for refractive index (RI) measurement. The sensor probe consists of two single-mode fiber (SMF) and a notched hollow-core fiber (HCF) fused together to form an all-silica structure of SMFHCF-SMF. The open micro-cavity is formed by removing part of the HCF in the center of its surface by fs laser micromachining technology, allowing liquid or gaseous sample to flow in. Such a sensor can provide an extremely highprecision RI measurement of 10-6 RIU (refractive index unit) and the sensitivity can reach up to 4×105 nm/RIU within the range between 1.355 and 1.374.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120903 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542226
We demonstrated an experimental observation of bright-dark pulse pair and soliton bunch in mode-locked erbium-doped fiber ring laser with the saturable absorber (SA) of graded index multimode fiber-step index multimode fiber-graded index multimode fiber (GIMF-SIMF-GIMF), which utilizes nonlinear multimode interference inside the multimode fiber to realizing mode locking of fiber laser. During the experiment, we observed a fascinating phenomenon of dualwavelength bright-dark pulse pair, in which the wavelengths of the two wavelengths are 1558.5 nm and 1560.1 nm, respectively, and the wavelength interval is 1.6 nm. The PBS filter was used to verify that the bright and dark pulses are orthogonal to each other in polarization. We also obtained multiple set of soliton bunches running at the fundamental frequencies of 100.5 ns, and when we increase the pump power we could find that the number of optical solitons increases in a single soliton bunch, which experimental phenomenon is in appropriate agreement with the theory. Based on the observation and understanding of these experimental phenomena, it is beneficial to explore the rich nonlinear effects in the mode-locked fiber laser.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120904 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542227
The band structure, density of states, optical properties, effective masses and loss function of AlxGa1−xAs and InyGa1−yAs were performed by the first-principles method within the local density approximation. The calculated direct band gap of the AlAs, Al0.5Ga0.5As, GaAs, In0.5Ga0.5As and InAs were 1.608 eV, 1.34eV, 1.02eV, 0.646eV and 0.316eV at G point, which were direct bandgap semiconductor materials. In addition, dielectric functions, the absorption function, refractive index, loss function and effective mass were analyzed in detail. The effective masses of AlxGa1−xAs and InyGa1−yAs were small, so they have high carrier mobility. These results make them to be promising candidates for future electronics.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120905 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542253
Silicon nitride ceramics were irradiated by a solid-state Nd3+: YAG pulsed laser with an output wavelength of 1064nm. The plasma characteristic spectral lines were obtained by changing the laser energy. According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard atomic spectroscopy database, the spectral lines were identified. The full width at half maximum parameters of Si I 252.27nm and Si I 288.60nm neutral atom characteristic lines of the spectral lines were obtained by Lorenz and Gauss fitting, respectively. Using the Stark broadening method to calculate the electron density, it was found that as the laser energy increases, the electron density gradually decreases. When the laser energy was increased to 156mJ and reached the minimum value, the electron density began to increase as the laser energy continued to increase. The reason for conducting the analysis is that as the plasma shielding effect increases with the increase of laser energy, the plasma absorbs the laser energy by reverse bremsstrahlung and resonance absorption mechanism. The decrease in energy irradiated onto the target, which excites the amount of plasma to reduce the plasma density. When the laser energy is raised to 156mJ, the energy irradiated to the target and the energy of the plasma shield are dynamically balanced. At this point in time, the electron density reaches a minimum, and the electron density increases with increasing laser energy.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120906 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542256
X-ray sources are widely used in non-destructive testing applications. The focal spot shape and size of an X-ray source are important factors that influence the resolution and contrast of images. A monochromatic imaging method using a spherically bent crystal is proposed to measure the focal spot size of X-ray sources. The natural emission spectral lines of the target material are imaged to distinguish the target from the substrate. Thus, the fine structures of the focal spot can be measured combined with high spatial resolution. With a backlight imaging experiment, the imaging system achieves a high spatial resolution of ~10 μm over a large field of view of 2.5 mm with a narrow energy band of 2 eV at 8.05 keV. The X-ray focal spot size of a laboratory X-ray source with a Cu anode is measured using the spherically bent crystal imaging system and a pinhole camera respectively. The spherically bent crystal imaging system provides high spatial resolution and additional details for the focal spot. Thus, the monochromatic imaging method is applicable for the accurate X-ray source dimension measurement.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120907 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542273
With the development of science and technology, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is more and more widely used to bring a lot of convenience to the society, but also led to serious threats to public security, personal privacy, military security and other aspects. Therefore, it is increasingly important to find unknown drones quickly and accurately. In UAV detection, the technologies based on acoustic, radio and radar detection are common, but these technologies usually require expensive equipment and strict configuration. However, the method based on machine vision has the advantages of low cost and simple configuration. In addition, detection and recognition methods based on deep learning have been fully developed, but most of them are for a single visible image, and the detection and recognition effect is limited. In this paper, a fast detection and identification method based is proposed based on the backbone of YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once version3). And dual-channel detectors were used as data sources. In this method, infrared and visible images are simultaneously input into the network for feature extraction, and the extracted depth features are concatenated. Then the multi-scale prediction network is used to regression the target location to obtain the final detection and recognition results. Finally, by collecting real UAV data sets, the network is trained and tested for comparative experiments. Experimental results show that the mAP of method in this paper is worthy of improvement, and the detection speed remains at 27images/s.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120908 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542298
Optical needles with controllable homogeneously 3D spin-orientation generated by an annular spherical mirror is theoretically investigated in this paper. An optical needle is a 2D super-resolved electric field which has a long longitudinal size and a sub-wavelength lateral size. Such optical fields have extensive applications in many fields such as optical data storage, optical trapping and fluorescent and so on. Controllable homogeneously 3D spin- orientation provides extra degree of freedom for the optical needles, which may further extend the applications. Spherical mirrors have large aberrations, which can be used to produce super-long optical needles. It is difficult for an aplanatic focusing system to generate an optical needle which is longer than 100λ (λ is wavelength). But a spherical mirror in this paper can produce an optical needle whose LFWHM (Longitudinal full width at half maximum) is about 1000λ while keeping mean TFWHM (transverse full width at half maximum) under 0.4λ. The spin-orientation of the optical needle can be controlled by changing incident beam. By adjusting the weight factors of the radially polarized component and azimuthally polarized components, the spin-orientation in the focal region can be changed. Using the extended Richards-Wolf vector diffraction theory, the electric field can be obtained. Further, SAM (spin angular momentum) density and SOHP (spin-orientation homogeneity purity) can be calculated. The results display that the SOHP can be beyond 0.93 as long as the weight factor of the radially polarized component is not too large.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120909 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542400
The impact of radio-frequency magnetic field on the cesium atomic magnetometer is investigated. A theoretical model based on Bloch equation is provided, which predicts the properties of magnetometer. A cesium atomic magnetometer is designed for the experimental measurements. The magnetometer linewidth and sensitivity, as a function of radio-frequency magnetic field size are obtained. The experimental results are in agreement with what predicted by the theoretical model. The results, both theoretical and experimental included, indicate that there is an optimal radio-frequency magnetic field size, at which value the magnetometer sensitivity is highest. This work enlightens the parameter optimization of atomic magnetometer, and helps for the enhancement of magnetometer sensitivity.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090A (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542410
A series of ultra-precision grinding experiments were carried out on transparent AlON ceramic. The grinding parameters (wheel speed, workpiece speed, feedrate and depth of grinding) were optimized by studying the influence of process parameters on surface quality. Comprehensive consideration of surface quality and machining efficiency, the grinding process parameters selected for finishing are as bellow: the wheel speed is 6000rpm, the workpiece speed is 39rpm, the feedrate is 5mm/min and the depth of grinding is 3μm. A grinding verification experiment was carried out after optimization. According to the optimized process parameters, the AlON optical window (the diameter is 120mm, the length-diameter ratio is 1.08, the thickness is 3mm) was processed by ultra-precision grinding. The form accuracy, surface roughness and infrared transmittance of the AlON optical window were tested and discussed.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090B (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542416
In this paper, a temperature sensor based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is designed and proposed. The temperature sensing is realized by filling different concentration ratios thermo-optic liquids of Ethanol-Toluene in the innermost layer six airholes of the PCF, which is consisting of a solid core and five layers air holes of hexagonal lattices. The propagation characteristics of proposed sensor have been investigated by adopting the full vectorial-finite element method (FV-FEM). The relationship between effective refractive index (neff), effective mode area (Aeff), confinement loss (Lc) and temperature have been numerically simulated. Simulation results show that both neff and Aeff are decreased with the increasing of temperature for a constant wavelength. The confinement loss peak occurs uniform red-shifted when the temperature rises, which indicate a linear relation between the wavelength of the loss peak and temperature of thermo-optic liquids. Furthermore, the working temperature range of the sensor can be adjusted by mixing different ratios of the thermo-optic liquids, the temperature sensitivity is as high as 6 nm/°C. The new sensor can also be produced at a low cost and provides a new avenue for ultrasensitive temperature sensing.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090C (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542518
The phase detection method of Light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) can realize accurate detection under the weak light intensity. Now available phase detection method has high algorithm complexity and is difficult to achieve. Aiming at this practical problem, a phase detection method based on orthogonal detection is proposed. This method takes the modulation signal of light source and its orthogonal signal as the reference, multiply with the LAPS signal, respectively. After that extracts the dc component through low-pass filtering and divide. Then could be able to obtain the phase information of the LAPS signal. In this paper, the sensitivity and linearity of H+ detection and the influence of the modulated light intensity on the LAPS detection system are analyzed by orthogonal detection phase detection method. The results show that at the frequency of 4KHz and the detection pH units of 4.00~10.01, with a sensitivity of 60.08 mV/pH and non-linear error of 0.013%, and the modulated light intensity has slight effect on LAPS phase detection. This method has low complexity, high accuracy and excellent sensitivity and linearity for LAPS detection.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090D (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542590
The research on space laser communication has become a hotspot in recent years. The research trend of it is high speed transferring, networking and integration. Integration design means that the structure should be compact and reliable. CPA (Coarse Pointing Assembly) is an important component in space laser communication system. The paper makes design of CPA reflective mirror. On one hand, it is expected that the reflective mirror is as light as possible with small size. On the other hand, it is expected that the structure is reliable with high stiffness. These two aspects are contradict. And several factors make influence on these two aspects, such as the thickness of mirror, the size of bottom holes, the thickness of ribs and so on. The paper makes sensitivity analysis and chooses proper design variables for further optimization. And then, the paper makes a multi-objective optimal design based on factors mentioned above. In the process of optimization, a special objective function is deduced. At last the optimal design is obtained. The result shows that optimal design scheme has good characteristics.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090E (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542597
Supercontinuum (SC) generated in random fiber laser (RFL) containing visible spectrum components is firstly demonstrated. Mechanism of visible components generation in this case is analyzed and discussed. The experimental setup of this SC source is constructed in a typical half-open RFL configuration. A continuum spanning from 600 to 1700 nm is obtained with average output power of 3.4 W under a pump power of 44.7 W. The results show that there is great potential in supercontinuum generated by random fiber laser.
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S. Yu, C. Zhao, D. Blair, C. Blair, J. Liu, Q. Fang, L. Ju, F. Zhang
Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090F (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542601
We propose a tilt interferometer to search for gravitational wave (GW) signals at high frequencies. The torque caused by a cross-polarized gravitational wave passing through the mirrors in an interferometer can result in a tilt motion, which generates a TEM10 transverse mode of the cavity. The GW signal can then be detected as a beating between the TEM00 and TEM10 modes. There are two types of mirror motion that are relevant: the aforementioned rotation, as well as a translation in parallel to the front surface of the end mirror, in the local reference frame of the input test masses. We estimate that possible implementations could achieve a strain sensitivity of ∼ 7 10−22 Hz−1/2 in the frequency band of 100-500 kHz, limited by thermal and shot noises. A preliminary design for a prototype detector with a 74m optical cavity is presented.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090G (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542614
Holographic three-dimensional display is a true three-dimensional display technology, has been widely used in many fields. But the big data size is a bottleneck of the application of this technology. Compressing the data of hologram is essential and beneficial to the application of holography, such as hologram transmission, holographic display. In this paper, three methods of using wavelet transform for the compression of hologram are considered: 1.using wavelet transform to compress the spatial domain information of hologram; 2. using wavelet transform to compress the amplitude and phase information in frequency domain of hologram; 3.using wavelet transform to compressing the real and imaginary information in frequency domain of hologram. Quantization and entropy coding are used for the wavelet coefficients obtained by the three methods. Numerical experiments on the compression of hologram are performed. The comparative analysis of the three methods of the compression results is performed. The final results of the experimental show that the maximum compression ratios of the three methods are 220.35, 395.17 and 365.38 respectively when the quantization level is 4. The research can give a useful reference in the application of holography.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090H (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542644
Fenbendazole is one kind of benzimidazole derivatives which is widely used in the treatment of parasitic infections. Because the drug action mechanism of fenbendazole is consistent with many anticancer drugs and the price is cheaper, it is considered as a potential new anticancer drug, which has caused extensive research attention. Traditional fenbendazole research methods are mostly chemical methods such as liquid chromatography. Although these methods have high precision, they have the disadvantages of cumbersome steps, high cost, and the need for specialized technicians to operate. The research method of molecular vibration information of fenbendazole has not been reported yet. In this paper, the density function theory B3LYP/6-31G* basis set and the pseudopotential basis set Lanl2dz were used to optimize and calculate the Raman activity spectrum of fenbendazole and the theoretical enhanced activity spectrum of Au as the substrate. The characteristic peaks of fenbendazole at 1093cm-1 , 1453cm-1 , 1534cm-1 , and 1633cm-1 were significantly enhanced. These characteristic peaks can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of fenbendazole. The causes of the difference between the theoretically calculated Raman activity spectrum and the experimental Raman spectrum are analyzed. The enhancement principle of Raman activity spectrum with Au substrate was also described. The research results will provide theoretical support for the study of the molecular properties of fenbendazole.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090I (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542662
X-Ray computed tomography (CT) is one of the most popular imaging modality in the medical image analysis for clinical application. Meanwhile, the potential risk of X-Ray radiation dose to patients has attracted the public attention. Over the past decades, extensive efforts have been made for developing low-dose CT. However, X-Ray radiation dose reduction may result in increased noise and artifacts, which can significantly compromise the image quality and deteriorate the diagnostic performance. Hence, restoring CT image from low-dose CT and improving the diagnostic performance is a challenging for the vast researchers and developers. In this paper, a method based on deep learning techniques is proposed for low-dose CT noise reduction. Our method integrates convolutional neural network (CNN) blocks, residual learning, exponential linear units (ELUs) into a deep learning framework. Especially, loss of structural similarity index (SSIM) is combines to the final objective function to improve the image quality. Differs from general deep learning based denoising method, our deep CNN blocks architecture learning noise directly from original low-dose CT images, then restores denoised CT image by subtracting the obtained noise image from the original low-dose CT. After training patch by patch, the proposed method attains promising performance compared to state of the art traditional methods (non-local means and Block-matching 3D) and representative deep learning methods (primary three layers convolutional neural networks and residual encoder-decoder convolutional neural network) in visual effects and quantitative measurements. Extensive experiments was implemented for how choosing the coefficients of overall loss function and the number of CNN blocks. The experimental results demonstrate that our noise reduction method is effective for low-dose CT and potential clinic application.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090J (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542734
In this paper, we propose a wide-range LFO estimation and correction procedure for a coherent optical FBMC/OQAM system. Using a deliberately designed preamble, this method can not only precisely estimate the fractional frequency offset, but also effectively implement the estimation of the integer frequency offset. After a correction of the frequency offset, the final channel responses are acquired by inter-frame averaging and cubic spline interpolation. We investigated the accuracy and stability of this method under the influence of fiber dispersion and nonlinearity. The results from numerical simulation experiments show that the proposed low complexity technique is fully applicable to fiber channel and can significantly improve the performance of CO-FBMC/OQAM systems with respect to the bit-error-rate.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090K (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542742
A compact polarization demultiplexer (P-DeMux) is proposed and characterized to enable wavelength-divisionmultiplexing and mode-division-multiplexing simultaneously. The proposed structure is composed of a microring resonator in ultrathin waveguide and two bus channels in the novel silicon nitride silica silicon horizontal slot waveguides. In the slot waveguide, the transverse electric (TE) mode propagates through the silicon layer, while the transverse magnetic (TM) mode is confined in the slot region. In the designed ultra-thin waveguide, the TM mode is cutoff. The effective index of the TE modes for ultrathin and slot waveguides have comparable values. Thanks for these distinguishing features, the input TE mode can be efficiently filtered through the ultra-thin microring at the resonant wavelength, while the TM mode can directly output from the through port. Simulation Results show that the extinction ratio of the proposed P-DEMUX for TE and TM modes are ∼36.5 and 31.27 dB, and the insertion losses are ∼0.22 and 0.249 dB respectively.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090L (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542762
Based on the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) effect of indium tin oxide (ITO), we numerically demonstrate a high efficiency ITO phase/intensity modulator by exploiting ultra-thin silicon strip waveguide configuration. Heavily n-doped indium tin oxide is used as the semiconductor together with p-doped silicon and hafnium oxide (HfO2) to form a MOS waveguide. Due to the special feature of the ultra-thin silicon waveguide structure, the propagating transverse electric (TE) mode is less confined to the silicon core and penetrates deeper into the cladding layer, which will enhance the interaction between the active material and the optical mode. The combination of the ultra-thin silicon strip waveguide and ITO material exhibits high modulation efficiency together with broad optical bandwidth. When the modulator operates as a phase modulator, the effective refractive index change can reach the value 8:95x10-3 for the light wavelength λ = 1550 nm when the applied voltage is 6 V. Thus, the phase shifter length which can induce a π phase shift is supposed to be only about 97 µm, giving a corresponding VπL of 0.58 V∙mm. The effective index change even keeps > 7:32 x 10-3 with the wavelength increasing from 1300 nm to 1800 nm, indicating the broad modulation bandwidth. Meanwhile, the modulator can also operate as a variable optical attenuator or an intensity modulator. The modulation depth (MD) is about 0.074 dB/µm at 9 V when the wavelength is 1550 nm. This device confirms electrical phase shifting in ITO enabling its use in applications such as compact phase shifters, sensing, and phased array applications for LiDAR.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090M (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542763
A variable weight two-dimensional Multi-Diagonal (VW 2D-MD) code is proposed for supporting the Quality of Service (QoS) differentiation in the spectra/spatial Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) system. The proposed two-dimensional code is constructed by utilizing the regular one-dimensional Multi-Diagonal (1D-MD) code for spatial coding and the new proposed variable weight MD code as the spectral code. Due to the property of zero cross-correlation, the multiple-access interference (MAI) can be fully eliminated, and the phase induced intensity noise (PIIN) can also be suppressed. In addition, the proposed 2D code can accommodate more active users compared to the 1D VW zero crosscorrelation (ZCC) code. Finally, the simulation setup with the proposed code shows that the performance of the user with larger code weight is better than that of the user with smaller code weight.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090N (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542875
An interpretation of optical unitary transformation is proposed for general non-overlapping-image multimode interference (MMI) couplers with any input and output ports based on the matrix mechanics. The light transformation in the MMI couplers can be considered as the optical field matrix acting on the input light column vector. We investigate the general phase principles of output light images. The complete proof of nonoverlapping-image MMI coupler’s optical unitarity is provided along with the phase analysis of matrix element. Based on a two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulation, the unitary transformation is obtained for a 4×4 non-overlapping-image MMI coupler within the deviation of 4×10-2 for orthogonal invariance among the C-band spectral range.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090O (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542880
Compared with the traditional spectral analysis methods, such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method, atomic absorption spectrometry method, the analysis sensitivity, accuracy and spectral resolution of the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy technology is relatively lower. Due to the advantages o f low ablation thresholds, high-spatial resolution, minimal invasion, high-efficiency transportation of femtosecond laser, the femtosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy method (fs-LIBS) has become an active topic in recent years. In order to further improve the analysis performance of fs-LIBS, the spatial confinement method is proposed. In this paper, the cavity confinement enhancing effect of fs-LIBS is discussed. Based on the local thermal equilibrium condition (LTE) assumption, the plasma temperature and electron density is obtained. The results shown that the plasma emission intensity, plasma temperature and electron density are improved under the given cavity constraints. In effect, the plasma generated shock wave encounters cavity barriers during its expansion, the shock wave is reflected back to the plasma center. One hand is improved the plasma temperature and electron density, on the other hand is increased the number of particles in the upper energy level, which leads to an increase in the intensity of the plasma emission spectrum. In general, the spatial confinement method combined with the fs-LIBS showed its great potential in improving the figures-of-merit of ultrafast optical LIBS technology.
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Weilin Ye, Zihan Tu, Bo Zhou, Fupei Wu, Tao Wu, Zhidan Zheng, Chuantao Zheng
Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090P (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542881
For realize the atmospheric alkane gases detection in wide area and long distance, a dual-gas simultaneous methane and ethane detection sensor was demonstrated and conducted in Greater Houston area (GHA). A continuous-wave (CW) interband cascade laser (ICL) was used as the light source, a high-speed data acquisition card (DAQ) was used to sampling the detection signal, a LabVIEW based laptop platform incorporated signal generation, signal acquisition, harmonic extraction, concentration calculation and display. Response time considering sampling period, local wind and vehicle speeds are calculated, noise levels for mobile and laboratory operation on the CH4 and C2H6 sensor system are all evaluated. Concentration measurement of methane and ethane in one road was shown, as well as a 2-D concentration mapping result in one block, the varied relationship between these two kinds of gases was analyzed. This work provide the technology for detecting the leakage of alkane gases and monitoring the atmospheric gases.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090Q (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542882
Radio frequency (RF) emissions in the range of 30 ~ 800 MHz from laser induced air plasma by a 532 nm nanosecond laser are investigated. The RF emissions from air plasma induced by different laser energies and laser polarization are obtained. It is noted there is no consistency of the radio frequency emission with the change of laser energy. Unlike the optical emissions from plasma, which origins from electron transition between energy levels, RF radiation generates from oscillation of electric dipoles in plasma. The space distribution of the electric dipoles in plasma is not symmetrical along the laser propagation direction. As the laser parameters change, the distribution of the electric dipoles varies, so the radio frequency emissions do not change continuous. The RF signal of air plasma is found to depend on laser polarization directions and laser energy. The amplitudes of RF emissions are observed first increase and then decrease with further increase of laser energy, which is due to higher of ionization degree and electron density at larger laser energy, thus made the RF radiation quickly decay. The dominant frequencies and amplitude of RF emissions were observed vary with the laser polarization direction, and it is found that the maximum amplitude of the output of RF emissions were detected when the polarization direction of laser beam is along the axis of the antenna and minimum when the polarization direction of the laser beam is perpendicular to the axis of the antenna. Potential physical mechanism responsible for laser parameter dependent on RF emission, rich emission lines of air plasma was discussed.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090R (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542896
This paper studies the effect of the analog front-end signal processor in CCD imaging system on the total ionizing dose radiation effect after 60Co-gamma-ray irradiation, and focuses on the change of the device's static operating current, low-level reference voltage, high-level reference voltage and dynamic output digital code signal. The results show that after certain dose radiation, the static operating current increases significantly with the total dose increase, the high and low reference voltage decreases with the total dose increase, and the dynamic output signal does not correspond to the input signal with the increase of the total dose. The above work can provide reference for in-depth study of radiation reinforcement and radiation damage assessment of analog front-end signal processors in space application environment.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090S (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542900
Many kinds of display technology such as LCD, OLED, quantum dot and laser display are developing rapidly. The final purpose of display technology is to achieve wider color gamut. Traditional method uses planar chromaticity diagram in CIEXYZ space to describe color gamut. This method did not use uniform color space and cannot deal with the situation of display systems with four or more primaries. In our previous work, we have already established a theory based on Macadam’s theory to calculate the stereoscopic color gamut for RGB laser display systems. In this letter, we extend this theory to display systems with four or more primaries. By using our algorithm, we calculate the stereoscopic color gamut of multi-primary display system. We set a four primary display system as an example. The center wavelength of the primary are set as 467nm, 520nm, 532nm and 630nm, white point is set as D65(x=0.3127, y=0.3290), and color gamut has been calculated in CIELAB color space. Results show that when the ratio of the intensity of four primary is 1.0000:0.7490: 0.4316:1.5000, the largest gamut is obtained, whose value is 2.1030*106. These results can be used in engineering to optimize the intensity of the primaries in four primaries display systems.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090T (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542901
We demonstrate a low-repetition-rate mode-locked figure-of-9 erbium-doped fiber laser at a center wavelength of 1550 nm by using an all-polarization-maintaining (PM) nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) configuration. This laser can generate Gaussian-shape noise-like pulses (NLPs) at a repetition rate of 2.15 MHz with a radio-frequency (RF) signal-to-noise ratio of greater than 50 dB and can be self-started mode-locked with a pulse energy of 11.68 nJ. The fluctuation of the average output power in 60 hours is 1.27% root mean square (RMS), which proves its high power stability. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an all-PM NALM erbium-doped fiber laser generating NLPs at the center wavelength of 1550 nm.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090U (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542902
Color gamut is an important parameter for display system. Wider gamut means that the system can display more colors. In this article, we designed an experiment to measure the color discrimination ability of human eyes in a certain range under different light sources such as LCD, LED, OLED and laser display, which has different center wavelength and spectrum-width. In our experiment, a Xenon lamp projector and a RGB laser projector were used to run the testing program. Eight volunteers` results showed that the gamut of RGB laser display is 49.48% larger than that of ordinary Xenon lamp display, and the standard deviation of the result was 8.7%.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090V (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542951
Radial-shearing digital holography has been proposed to reconstruct the wavefront of test object in a common path, which can take use of a bifocal diffractive lens to realize radial-shearing interference. For coherent light source, the recording plane is usually located near the focal point in order to reduce the crosstalk. As for incoherent light source, on the one hand, the above recording cannot take advantage of the space-bandwidth product of optical detector, and on the other, the optical path length is far greater than the coherent length of the light source, which results in failure of effective interferogram. A high contrast interferogram must meet the requirement of nearly equal intensity between the two interference beams. Based on this viewpoint, a better recording plane for radial-shearing holography is in the middle location between the two images. Compared to the recording location with equal beam diameter, the midpoint of the two images is a better choice to improve the image quality on condition that one focal length is much greater than the other. Otherwise, this difference will gradually decrease as one focus is close to the other. The experiment was carried out to verify the validity of our proposed method.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090W (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542980
Holographic AR display is an augmented reality display technology with important application prospects for its ability of real 3D display. In this project, the feasibility of AR holographic display is analyzed by the information quantity conservation of optical imaging system. And an AR display system with free-form lens as combiner is designed and carried out based on LED illumination. The light emitted by the LED is collimated by a lens, and then partially reflected by the beam splitter to illuminate the LCOS. The diffracted light modulated by hologram on LCOS is filtered by a 4f optical system and reflected into free-form lens combiner by a mirror for augment reality display. Optical experiments show that the proposed system can achieve high quality imaging at different depth without speckle noise.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090X (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543016
In rotating machines, misaligned shafts increase vibrations and friction, which can increase the energy consumption considerably and cause premature bearing and seal damage. Laser-based alignment systems can realize quick shaft alignment with high accuracy, consisting of laser transmitting unit, charge-coupled device (CCD) or position sensitive detector (PSD) receiving unit and display unit. Their resolution can reach 1 μm or higher, and the accuracy can be even up to ± (0.5%|L| + 1 resolution). In the paper, the principle of a laser-based alignment system is presented. In order to calibrate laser-based alignment systems, a set of measurement device is established. The receiving unit is fixed on a high precision one-dimensional linear stage, while the transmitting unit remains stationary. So, the relative displacement between the two units can be measured. A laser interferometer is used as the standard value of the linear stage displacement, which is traceable to the definition of meter. The layout of the calibration system is complied with Abbe's principle, reducing the measurement error. In addition, several key influencing factors for calibration are given. At last, the uncertainty of the calibration result is analyzed. The result indicates that the calibration apparatus is practical and efficient during the routine work.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090Y (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543060
The general effect mechanism of pulsed gamma-ray on optical fibers is introduced. In order to measure pulsed gammaray radiation-induced loss, a transient experimental measurement system is developed. It employs pulsed diode lasers with five wavelengths as detecting carriers and high dose rate electron accelerator as irradiation source. The radiationinduced loss of pulsed gamma-ray on conventional single mode and multi-mode optical fibers are measured respectively. The experiment of two rare-earth-doped fibers spontaneous emission spectrum measurement system is established and the results of Er-doped and Yb-doped fibers are obtained also. Experimental results show that: (1) Radiation-induced loss is relevant to the fiber types. On the same experimental condition of pulsed gamma-ray radiation, the radiationinduced loss of multimode fibers is larger than single-mode fibers. (2) Radiation-induced loss will increase as the laser detecting wavelength shifts from near-infrared to visible regions of optical spectrum. (3) As the total dose increases, the spontaneous emission spectrum of the doped fibers decreases greatly, and the performance of the doped fiber will fail at a certain total dose.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112090Z (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543190
Linear gratings and circular gratings are most commonly used in the applications of Talbot effect, due to their simple patterns and ease of analysis of Moiré fringes. In the present paper, we demonstrate a scheme to measure the displacement of a deformed object which based on the Talbot effect. We designed a hologram of a two-dimensional square-hole grating. For the test, we used a computer-controlled liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC–SLM) and the computer-generated Talbot array hologram. The Talbot array hologram is displayed on the LC–SLM screen. The beam diffracted by the grating is transmitted to the surface of an object. By adjusting the distance between the LC-SLM and the object, a clear image is formed on the surface of the object. A speckled pattern of the object surface is captured by a CCD camera. Two speckle patterns before and after the deformation is recorded. The information about the displacement is codified in the intensity pattern. The displacement can be obtained by digital image correlation (DIC). The DIC obtains the displacement components by comparing the gray intensity changes between the digital images of an object surface before and after the deformation. This method is simple and easy, and can be used as an alternative method to measure in-plane and out-of-plane displacements. Theoretical and experimental results are presented.
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Lijun Huang, Xianwu Mi, Dajiang He, Shenghai Chen, La Xiang, Ni Zhou
Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120910 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543203
Compared with the conventional strip waveguide, subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguide has an enhanced evanescent field penetrating deeper within the upper cladding and the propagation direction, and an increased light-matter interaction can be achieved, resulting in a larger optical loss simultaneously. We experimentally demonstrate a subwavelength grating ring resonator around 1310nm. In order to reduce the influence of optical loss in the subwavelength bus waveguide and ring waveguide, we optimized the ring resonator by scanning the gap between the ring resonator and bus waveguide when the silicon duty cycle is fixed. The results experimentally show that the maximum extinction ratio of 18.8 dB when the gap and silicon duty cycle are equal to 120 nm and 0.7 around 1310nm. The extinction ratio has a 4.2dB larger than that for the resonance around 1550nm, which marks an increase of 28.7% compared to the C-band micro-ring sensors, thus showing a potential for bio-sensing applications in Lab-on-Chip system.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120911 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543274
A metal-insulator-metal voltage tunable filter based on organic electro-optical materials DAST is proposed by using the side-coupled method. The structure consists of two H-type cavities and a rectangular waveguide. The transmission spectra, resonance wavelength distribution curves and the magnetic field distribution of the asymmetric H-type cavities structure filter have been calculated and analyzed by the finite element numerical simulation method. The results show that the filter has the feature of smooth transmission spectra, wide bandwidth (full width at half maxima achieved 754 nm). And the transmittance of the passband is up to 0.968, the transmittance of the stopband can reach 1 × 10−5. The characteristics of the filter can be adjusted not only by changing the structural parameters, but also by applying a control voltage, the adjustability of the filter is increased. Therefore, the filter is of great significance in high-density integrated circuits and nano-optics.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120912 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543275
As an effective way to integrate complementary information in multisensor detection system, image fusion technology has been widely used in robotic vision, medical diagnosis and safety monitoring. At the same time, the dual band infrared detection system has been widely used in the field of guidance and detection.Because dual-band/multi-band infrared detection has the characteristics of wide detection range and multi-target radiation information. Therefore, there is an urgent need of a fusion of the dual-bands infrared images. In order to obtain better image quality, infrared dual-frequency image fusion technology is used to synthesize different radiation information of target and background.In this paper, a new infrared dual-band image fusion with simplified pulse coupled neural network(PCNN) and visual saliency map(VSM) Framework in nonsubampled shearlet domain (NSST) is proposed. In the proposed method, first, the sours images are decomposed into base parts and multiscale and multidirection representations in NSST domain. Then,base parts are fused by VSM fusion approach. For the high-frequency bands are fused by a Simplified pulse coupled neural network model. Finally, the final image is reconstructed by inverse NSST. As a result, the fused image details will be presented more naturally, which is more suitable for human visual perception. The experimental results demonstrate that evaluation quality of the fused images is improved by comparing three objective evaluation factors with three popular fusion methods.This technology is of great significance to the development of image field.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120913 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543286
In the satellite optical network based on wavelength routing, the uneven distribution of global traffic is easily lead to network congestion and unreasonable utilization of resources. Besides, security of communication has attracted tremendous attention due to the openness of satellite network. In this paper, mobile agents are used to implement routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) in satellite networks while considering global traffic distribution. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively balance the traffic load, reduce blocking rate and improve the communication success rate of the network on the basis of security mechanism.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120914 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543493
A simple and stable OFC generating system based on cascaded phase modulators is proposed. As there is no bias drift problem in phase modulator, the cascaded phase modulators based OFC generating system can achieve high amplitude stability only by adjusting the amplitude of the RF signal. The performance of the proposed structure is analyzed by numerical simulation, where 5, 7, 9, 11 OFCs are generated with flatness of 0.64 dB, 0.93 dB, 2.45 dB and 3.19 dB respectively. In addition, a proof-of-concept experiment was also set up, where 5, 7, 9 OFCs were generated with flatness of 0.593 dB, 2.356 dB and 3.924 dB respectively.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120915 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543630
Timing synchronization is critical in digital demodulation systems such as intradyne optical receivers. In this paper, a novel timing recovery method for all-digital coherent receivers is proposed. With the help of a parallel architecture, the new method can be implemented on ASIC or FPGA platform, especially when the symbol rate is much higher than the clock rate of FPGAs. Through adjusting the frame structure in the parallel interpolator, the receiver synchronizes its symbol rate with the transmitter. Different from existing parallel timing recovery methods, the proposed method does not adjust the period between adjacent frames of samples, which can be beneficial to the subsequent processing in hardware. The performance is tested by simulation in QPSK modulation. Under relative clock offset between ±50 ppm and jitter noise with 0.3% standard deviation, the proposed method shows almost no degradation compared with its serial equivalent. Combined with different timing error detection algorithms, this method can be used in kinds of modulation formats like MPSK and QAM.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120916 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543645
Using the first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT-D2 method), we systematically study the structural, energetic and electronic properties of hydrogen atom adsorbed on pristine and metal atom (Li, Na, K, Ni, Pd and Pt) decorated GaN monolayer (GaN-ML). The results show that the metal decorated GaN-ML substrates shows a significant enhancement of adsorption the hydrogen atom than the pristine GaN-ML. Therefore, the use of metal-decorated gallium nitride for hydrogen storage improve the hydrogen storage effic
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120917 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543851
In order to study the evolution state of silicon combustion wave induced by millisecond pulse laser in monocrystalline silicon, Using optical shadow imaging to measure the distance and time of combustion wave, analyze the plasma state at different times, Study the influence from different laser energy density and the number of pluses to expansion rate and expansion distance. The results of research show that the direction of combustion wave expand is mainly the reverse of the incident laser. The pulse train of millisecond laser act on monocrystalline silicon produce a temperature accumulation effect, and the threshold value declines obviously. the peak expansion rate increases rapidly as the energy density increases.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120918 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543853
The long-term beamwidth and quivering of modified Bessel Gaussian Schell vortex beam in oceanic turbulence are derived based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle. With the help of these models, we analyze the effect of vortex beam and turbulence parameters on long-term beamwidth and beam quivering. We find that modified Bessel Gaussian Schell vortex beam has smaller beam quivering when beam has higher orbital angular momentum quantum number, larger beam waist, larger width parameter, longer wavelength and lower coherent length. We also find that turbulence of large temperature-salinity contribution ratio, large inner scale of turbulence, large outer scale of turbulence and small rate of dissipation of the kinetic energy per unit mass of fluid is more likely to cause beam quivering. The variation trends of long-term beamwidth with beam parameters are opposite to that of beam quivering.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120919 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543854
The source of the high-precision fiber optic gyroscope is a high-power erbium-doped fiber source. As the power of the source increases, the relative intensity noise becomes the main noise. Of all the noise created by the source, the relative intensity noise always restricts the random walk coefficient of the fiber optic gyroscope. So, the method of the relative intensity noise suppression needs to be taken to improve the accuracy of the gyro. In this paper, there are three methods, that is the external modulation method of intensity modulator, the method of connecting light source and SOA, and the external modulation method of connecting light source, SOA and intensity modulator. The modulation signal of the intensity modulator is created by FPGA, and input to the modulation end through the closed-loop control. The suppression effect of is tested and the level of inhibition is compared.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091A (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543886
In order to measure the figure change of weak rigid body parts by a 4D interferometer, a groove ring vacuum chuck is designed to easily absorb the weak rigid body parts. Using the vacuum chuck to adsorb the object could keep it even under the force and maintain stable. Based on the principle of vacuum chuck technology, we use a 3D visual solid simulation software called Inventor to model the chuck, then use finite element software ANSYS to solve fluid dynamics and structural static analysis of the vacuum chuck. Different parameters that affect the performance of the chuck are analyzed, and the optimum values of these parameters are hence obtained, which provide an important means for designing the vacuum chuck to hold weak rigid body parts for further precision measurement or processing.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091B (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543889
The structured light fields can be spoiled by the noisy environmental light. The defects will occur in reconstructive process due to the enormous change of surface reflectivity, which may ruin the results of the measurement. Thus, a structured light measuring system was proposed in this paper, taking the advantages of blue structured light, to reduce the disturbance of noise. A set of geometric feature parameters are proposed for characterizing the assembling errors of assembly parts, and the corresponding computation algorithms are presented based on the measured scattered points data. The proposed method can effectively reduce the influence of reflective deficiency. Experimental studies have been undertaken by measuring an assembly parts made by aluminum alloy, the measured results are also compared with those by a robotic coordinate measuring machine from Hexagon. The results show that the proposed measurement method and the developed system provides an efficient non-contact way for analyzing the feature parameters for assembly parts with high reflective surface in a high precision.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091C (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543930
A hybrid integration method of back-illuminated modified uni-traveling carrier photodiode (MUTC-PD) on silicon-oninsulator (SOI) is demonstrated. Compared with the die-to-die bonding of unprocessed III-V die, this hybrid bonding method, implemented by a flip-chip bonding machine, is more convenient and flexible, thus providing a more direct path to utilizing high-speed PDs in integrated microwave photonics on SOI. As a result, the integrated photodetector exhibits a 3-dB bandwidth of 30 GHz, showing no degradation compared with the bandwidth before bonding.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091D (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2544109
The temperature compensation effect of FBG sensors is crucial to their measuring accuracy. In the design of a FBG sensor, two FBGs are often adopted to subject positive and negative strains through two packaging methods including all grating pasting and two-end pasting after grating pretension. Temperature compensation of the FBG sensor is often realized by using the difference of the wavelength shift of the two FBGs as the sensing signal. In current reports, temperature compensation is performed based on the assumption that the wavelength shifts of the two FBGs are the same. However, the difference of the wavelength shift is also influenced by the packaging methods and the temperature changing environment. This work presents an experimental study on the temperature compensation effect of two pair different packaged FBGs under abrupt temperature changing environment. For each packaging method, two FBGs with same parameters are pasted on the upper and lower surfaces of an equal-strength cantilever and assembled in a shell to serve as a FBG sensor. Boiling water and ice-water mixture are used to pour on the shell to form abrupt temperature changing, whereas an adjustable thermostat provides slowly temperature changing environment. Experimental results shows that the temperature compensation effects for the two different packaging method are same(within 21pm) when slowly temperature changing slowly, however, the compensation effects are significantly degraded during abrupt temperature increasing (58 pm and 48 pm for all grating pasting and two-end pasting, respectively). The results can provide a scientific reference for the design of FBG sensors.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091E (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2544575
In this paper, a quadtree-based non-local means image denoising method for terahertz images is used. Firstly, the noise image is decomposed by quadtree to obtain different size sub-blocks, which makes better use of the non-local selfsimilarity of the image. Then, the non-local means filter based on bisquare weighting function is used to denoise each sub-block to improve the quality of the reconstructed image. Finally, the sub-blocks are aggregated to get a complete denoised image. The experimental results of terahertz image denoising show that the method can preserve the details of the image, effectively remove the background noise caused by the imaging system, and has a good denoising effect on terahertz image.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091F (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2544774
A tunable infrared photodetector based on graphene surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) controlled by the ferroelectric domains was demonstrated in this work. We designed the ferroelectric layer to build periodically ferroelectric domains, producing a non-volatile electric field for the convenience of tuning graphene SPP to resonate with the incident wavelengths. This novel strategy facilitates the improvement of absorption of incident photons without additional biasing or patterning graphene, compared with the reported graphene plasmonic photodetectors. In our proposed photodetector, the graphene carriers could be readily tuned by varying ferroelectric microstructure, yielding a tunable absorption peak in the range from 6 μm to 20 μm and significantly enhanced photo-responsivity.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091G (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2546962
Fibroblasts are important players in proliferation, invasion, migration and metastasis of cancer cells. Until now, histological methods such as hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining are still a gold standard to assess fibroblasts in traditional histopathology. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) has become a key technology for biological tissues imaging without staining at the cellular level. In this study, MPM based on two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) was used to identify the fibroblasts in breast cancer tissue. Normal fibroblasts with spindle shape and abnormal fibroblasts with stellate shape could be clearly obtained by MPM.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091H (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547273
Coupled plasmon-waveguide resonance (CPWR) biosensor uses the evanescent wave at the waveguide boundary to excite surface plasmon wave (SPW), which couples the energy of the optical field in the waveguide to surface plasmon wave to produce surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In this paper, BK7 prism was combined with Ag/SiO2 structure, Ag nanoparticles were embedded on the surface of SiO2 waveguide layer to form a new CPWR biosensor. Ag nanoparticles can produced light-induced located surface plasmon resonance(LSPR). Resonance coupling between LSPR and CPWR can enhanced the penetration depth and figure of merit (FOM) of traditional biosensors. The finite-difference timedomain (FDTD) method was used to simulate the enhancement behavior of Ag nanoparticles, and to explore the influence of Ag nanoparticles density on the sensor performance. It was found that the penetration depth of the Ag nanoparticle enhanced CPWR biosensor was 1.75 times of that of the traditional CPWR biosensor, and the highest figure of merit was 1.8 times of that of the latter.
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Da-lei Yao, Jian-ru Xue, Fan Bu, Qing Zhu, Hong-wei Yi, Wei-cheng Cao
Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091I (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547337
In order to break through the bottleneck of traditional CCD camera in suppressing noise, this paper designs a new system of digital domain correlation double sampling. The CCD video signal is digitized by a high-speed, high-resolution A/D converter at a sampling frequency much higher than the readout rate, and then an optimal digital signal processing algorithm is designed for the characteristics of the CCD signal readout noise to suppress noise. Experiments show that the system can suppress the readout noise at 8.1 e- at 500K read rate, which can reduce the output noise of CCD more effectively.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091J (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547347
The performance of fiber nutation tracking system based on coherent demodulation is constrained by the nonlinearity of devices in the signal coherent demodulation module. With the influence of this non-linear factors, the reconstruction accuracy of intensity envelope fluctuation signal depends on the input optical power. The influence of optical amplifiers and detectors on the signal intensity calculation in the range of our interest input optical power is analyzed theoretically and verified experimentally.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091K (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547402
Existing absolute measurement methods are difficult to avoid the replacement and rotation of the large aperture interferometer’s reference flat, and it is impossible to achieve in-situ absolute measurement on the basis of keeping the reference flat of the interferometer not rotating and replacing each other. In this paper, a test method based on oblique incidence is practically implemented in the interferometric measurement process, and an auxiliary rotating device for large aperture flat is designed. Three sets of wavefront data are achieved through cavity interference measurement with a Fizeau interferometer and one oblique incidence measurement. An iterative algorithm is applied to retrieve the absolute surface shape of the test flat. The absolute measurement experiment is carried out on the 600-mm aperture interferometer produced by Zygo. The experimental results show that the absolute surface error of the reference flat measured according to the proposed method is 2.0 nm (RMS), differing from the absolute measurement results based on the Zygo approach.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091L (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547455
In this paper, the technique of laser ultrasonic rapid detection of rail surface defects is studied, the interlaced laser ultrasonic defect detection imaging scheme is designed: the laser ultrasonic signal is excited and detected on both sides of the rail, the image is fusion-registered by algorithms such as filtering and image registration to obtain a complete rail surface inspection image to display defect characteristics, which solves the problem that laser ultrasonic is not sensitive to defects. According to the theory of thermal bomb and the proposed detection scheme, a finite element model is established to simulate the propagation process of laser ultrasonic signals in the rail, and the detection signal with surface defects information is obtained. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a series of experiments were carried out to obtain the rail detection image with surface defects, and the influence of the laser spot size on the detection image results was analyzed. The experimental results show that the proposed laser ultrasonic imaging detection method can quickly obtain the detected image and effectively display the defect characteristics. The laser spot size has a significant influence on the detection result. When the laser spot is small, the effect of the detection image can be improved. The proposed method provides a reference for further establishing the actual rail inspection system.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091M (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547472
In this paper, we propose a broadband nanoantenna for solar energy harvesting, whose elements compose of dual triangles, a hexagonal pillar and a ring column. The optical characteristics are analyzed numerically by the three dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. It is found that the average absorptivity of the nanostructure is 84.53% in the visible and near-infrared waveband raning from 400-1800nm. In addition, the prefect light absorbing capability is independent of the incident light polarization state, and it can keep up an average absorptivity of 86% for an incident angle as large as ±60°. We attribute the better absorption property of the nanoantenna to Fabry-Perot resonance, lighting-rod effects and the localized surface plasmon resonance enhancement.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091N (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547541
Terahertz digital holographic reconstructed images are vulnerable to noise pollution. This paper uses neural network to segment terahertz image, because this method is insensitive to noise. Firstly, the training sample image is decomposed into several sub-images, and the backward propagation(BP) neural network is trained by them. At the same time, the optimal number of hidden layer neurons is selected. Then the trained neural network is applied to the segmentation of terahertz image. Different segmentation results are obtained by changing the variance of noise in the training sample image. The best segmentation results and training samples are determined by using the mean structural similarity(MSSIM). Finally, compared with the classical image segmentation algorithm, the results show that the segmentation effect of the neural network is better.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091O (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547561
In this work, we studied how the detector angle affects the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of X-ray fluorescence CT (XFCT), which is a major factor in reducing background noise and improving the detection sensitivity. We simulated a benchtop multi-pinhole XFCT system including a fan-beam x-ray source, a phantom (2.5 cm in diameter) consisting of one insert with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) , 2-sided multi-pinhole (3 pinholes) collimator aimed to acquire multiple projections simultaneously and 2-sided two-dimensional (2D) detector based on Geant4. The signal and noise were defined as the emitted Kα1=68.8keV X-ray fluorescence and Compton scatter fluorescence, respectively. The result was evaluated in three approaches at four different detector angles 60° (forward-scatter), 90° (side-scatter), 120° and 150° (back-scatter). In the simulation, the tube voltage was set to 90,100,110 and 120keV with fixed GNPs concentration (2%) and insert diameter (6mm).Then, the GNPs concentration was increased from 0.25%, 0.5%, 1% to 2% with fixed tube voltage (120keV) and insert diameter (6mm). Next, the insert diameter was set to 4, 6, 8, and 10mm with fixed tube voltage (120keV) and GNPs concentration (1%). The optimized detection angle was acquired by comparing the correlation between S/N and detector angles in terms of tube voltage, GNPs concentration and insert diameter. The experimental results demonstrated that, for most circumstances, the highest S/N could be obtained when detector angle was set to 120°.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091P (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547569
We propose an innovative approach to fabricate microlasers by using nanoparticles and advanced self-assembly technique. The silica-based high-Q-factor porous microcavity is formed in the self-assembled process, then dye gain materials infiltrate into the cavity to support stimulated radiation. The laser spectrum has multiple peaks at ~600 nm waveband with threshold as low as 28 uJ/pulse.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091Q (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547576
Based on the Mie theory and the multiple scattering theory, we have performed a comparative study on the beam steering by two kinds of systems which are composed of either a single layer of dielectric rods or a single layer of ferrite rods. It is shown that for both systems the incident Gaussian beam can be negatively refracted and with appropriate adjusting the related parameters the total reflection can be implemented as well. However, the essences to realize the phenomena are different with the former system keeping the reciprocal property and the latter one exhibiting nonreciprocal property. For the dielectric system, to switch the functionality the resonance is tuned by the size of the dielectric rod, while for the magnetic system it is realized by simply reversing the bias magnetic field due to the nonreciprocity of the ferrite materials under the bias magnetic field (BMF). By examining the field profiles we can find more details, where the dielectric system is operable for the transverse electric (TE) mode and the magnetic system is effective for the transverse magnetic (TM) mode. The electromagnetic field patterns associated with the single dielectric rod and ferrite rod exhibit different forward and backward scattering features in case of negative refraction and total reflection, which is further enhanced by the constructive and destructive interference of scattering fields from the all the rods in the particle array. The results are significant for the understanding of resonance in reciprocal and nonreciprocal systems and also inspiring for the flexible beam steering.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091R (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547599
Thermally tuned multi-channel interference (MCI) lasers are really advantageous for applications of coherent optical communication systems, in which light sources with narrow linewidth are critical requirements. To optimize the thermally tuned MCI lasers, simulations of thermal effects are quite important. In this paper, we analyze the thermal tuning efficiency of such lasers using the finite element analysis software Comsol. First, the effect of the air insulation thickness on the thermal tuning efficiency is simulated and we found that the thicker air insulation the larger phase shift. Then, influences of different microheater lengths on the temperature distribution of waveguide core are analyzed in detail. Simulation results indicate that the waveguide core temperature is increasing with the microheater length. In addition, considering the lasing wavelength depends on the temperature change of InP, the curve of phase shift versus thermal tuning power is obtained. It is predicted that the microheater power of πphase shift is about 5.4 mW for a 100 μm-long suspended thermal tuning waveguide. Finally, for the verification of our simulations, some test structures of the suspended thermal tuning waveguide with the air insulation are experimentally fabricate. By measuring the phase of the output light under different thermal power, about 5.7 mW microheater power is needed for π-phase shift of the 100 μmlong suspended thermal tuning waveguide, which is consistent with the simulation result. It can be concluded that the thermal simulations and structure designs will be beneficial for the realization of the thermally tuned MCI lasers in the future.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091S (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547608
Laser-induced damage threshold is an important parameter to evaluate the performance of the optical components in high power laser systems. An automated test system is presented to measure multiwavelength laser-induced damage threshold. The presented system can be able to operate the 1-on-1 and R-on-1 methodologies at 1064nm, 532nm, and 355nm. Some solutions are presented to improve the measurement efficiency and the reliability. Experimental results are also provided to confirm the capabilities of the proposed test system.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091T (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547626
Super resolution (SR) reconstruction and pixel interpolation are profitable technologies to acquire high resolution (HR) images from low resolution images. However, implementing the same interpolation or SR algorithms in different color spaces may still produce diverse results. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically investigate how the selection of color spaces take effect in the process of increasing image resolution. The resolution enhancement means involved an SR algorithm based on classified dictionary learning proposed by us and an SR algorithm based on deep learning with convolutional neural networks, as well as three typical pixel interpolation algorithms of bicubic, bilinear, and nearest. The evaluated color spaces involved RGB, YCbCr, YIQ, HSV, HSI, and CIELAB, which produced corresponding color coordinate systems. Based on the numerical measures of the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and the color difference formula CIEDE2000 calculated between the original HR images and the processed versions, the results indicate that, YCbCr, YIQ, and CIELAB are suitable mapping spaces for resolution enhancement operations, and only the coordinate of bright and dark information is the dimension that need to be reconstructed by SR methods. Besides, color spaces with perceptual parameters of hue, brightness/lightness, and colorfulness/chroman/saturation are not suitable neither for SR reconstruction nor for pixel interpolation, which would cause severe color distortions. Thus, for preferable image effect, the recommended strategies are implementing SR algorithms for merely L * coordinate of CIELAB space or merely Y coordinate of YCbCr and YIQ systems, while the other two coordinates use the bicubic interpolation algorithm.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091U (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547663
Phase unwrapping is one of the key steps of optical interferogram analysis.However,implementing phase-unwrapping algorithm(PUA) can be challenging,and the accuracy may be low when it is used to handle fringe patterns containing complicated singularities, such as noise, shadow, shears and surface discontinuity. When weighted least-squares unwrapping approach is adopted to unwrap the phase,the weighting coefficients are designed and defined to distinguish the singularities regions and normal regions in wrapped phase patterns.The weighting coefficients corresponding to the singularities are given zero-weighted, the singularities will not affect the unwrapping.But weighted least-squares unwrapping approach has the smooth effect on the final phase map.In view of this problem, a Robust Weighted leastsquares phase-unwrapping algorithm is proposed in this paper, which is based on combining the phase correction operation and weighted least-squares(WLS) method.In our method, Two partial derivatives of the wrapped phase are obtained from the fringe patterns. The phase singularities are determined using reliability, and the weighting coefficient is obtained from the binary mask from the reliability mask generated by thresholding method. The Weighted leastsquares phase-unwrapping was solved using the preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method,The result of WLS is used to estimate the fringe order directly.The spatial phase unwrapping algorithm is applied to correct the phase with residual wraps by. Experiments are conducted to prove the validity of the proposed method. Results are analyzed and compared with the other least-squares methods, The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of proposed method.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091V (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547679
Partial coherence is one of the important parameters for evaluating the performance of lithographic tool. In this paper, we present a novel method of partial coherence measurement for the illumination system based on CCD image sensor. Partial coherence measurement can be performed by using a pinhole placed in the mask plane under different illumination system. We simulate the light source image of different illumination pupil distributions as well as the energy center by determining the gray value of spot. We show measurement values and measurement errors of partial coherence for illumination system. The statistics of the measurement results and the sensitivity analysis of the system indicate that measurement values and measurement errors of partial coherence satisfy the measurement requirement from our method in the wafer plane.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091W (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547690
Digital holography is a powerful tool for noncontact quantitative phase imaging. According to the relative incident angle between the object beam and the reference beam, digital holography is grouped into on-axis and off-axis digital holography, The measurable area is narrow in off-axis digital holography, on-axis digital holography suffers from image blurring. Phase-shifting technique is usually used to obtain the high-quality object image. However, the phase shifting technique requires to record multiple phase-shifted holograms. The most conventional holography configuration requires a separately generated reference and object beams that result in a low stability. The paper presents an One-shot common-path phase-shifting holography based on micro polarizer camera and large-shearing Wollaston Prism. The system employs a commercial micro polarizer camera and a doubly-refractive prism with large shearing. The Wollaston prism separates the incoming beam into two orthogonally polarized components ,brings the reference and object from the two-windows to overlap at the lateral shearing region. The two light beams transmit through the quarter wave plate(QWP) and pixelated micro polarizer array(PMA) camera, QWP is used to transform the orthogonally polarized light into orthogonal circular components, The circular polarizations interfere at CCD after passing through the micro polarizer array. The data captured by PMA camera can be parsed into four phase shifting fringe images corresponding to each direction of the four polarizations. The interpolation method is used to obtain the same resolution as the original image. The phase distribution of the specimen can be retrieved using the four-step algorithm. Finally, experiments are conducted to prove the validity of the proposed method. The results demonstrate the capability and applicability of the system .
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091X (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547694
A novel and simple optical fiber structure with a section of no-core fiber for measuring hydrogen concentration is presented. Palladium is sputtered to form the coating on the no-core fiber by magnetron sputtering coater. Under different hydrogen conditions, the absorption of hydrogen induced refractive index changes on the outside coating of no core fiber will lead to the variations of the optical output spectrum. Different concentrations of hydrogen are tested, from 4%-0.5%, shows the concentration is relevant with the response time and recovery time. The response time of this sensor is from 300s (4% H2) to 1800s (0.5% H2) depending on the hydrogen concentration. The recovery time of this sensor is from 1200s (4% H2) to 4800s (0.5% H2) depending on the hydrogen concentration. Furthermore, the repeatability and response time of the sensor of this study are investigated experimentally.
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Xiaoyong Liu, Pei Lu, Qin Shi, Juan Hou, Xueyan Wang, Di Sun
Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091Y (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547705
In the paper a single channel color image encryption method based on compressed sensing (CS) was proposed. Firstly, a color image was modulated to the gray images by using a tricolor grating, and then the spectrum of the gray images was encrypted by applying CS technology, and regards the measurement matrix as a key. Decryption by choosing suitable filtering window, extract the R, G, B gray image spectrum reconstruction, finally achieved the reconstruction of the original color image. The simulation results indicate that this encryption method can effectively reduce the amount of sampling data, reduce the burden of subsequent storage, transmission and processing information. At the same time, it can increase the key space, and effectively improve the security of encryption.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112091Z (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547712
The third-party interference, such as construction activities and man-made sabotage, has become the leading cause of pipeline accidents in the recent years. This work is devoted to a real-time surveillance system for safety monitoring and early warning of buried municipal pipelines subject to the most common abrupt intrusions based on distributed fiber optic sensors using the phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry(φ-OTDR). A two-layer classifier based on convolutional neural network (CNN) is developed: one layer is used to discriminate the third-party threats from pedestrian and traffic noises; the other layer is to determine the specific type of third-party interference. To reduce false alarm times, the time-space matrixes are built to correct the possible errors. Field tests on an optical fiber cable buried in roads and residential areas are carried out to validate the two-stage surveillance system. It shows the first layer can effectively solve the problem of false alarm, while the second can accurately recongize the specific type of third-party interference.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120920 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547753
Drawing-tower fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array can be used in health monitoring of bridges, pipelines and some largescale projects to realize temperature, stress and vibration quasi-distributed sensing. The grating array sensing system can detect the changes of the tested physical parameters by measuring the central wavelength of the grating. However, for the sensing system based on identical grating array consisting of uniform FBGs, it cannot measure accurately the shift of the reflective wavelength of a grating in the array due to the sidelobe superposition of the gratings. Compared with uniform Bragg grating, apodized FBG has smaller reflection peak sidelobes. It means that the reflection power of the apodized FBG can be concentrated to the central wavelength region, and the reflection peak signal will be not interfered with those of other gratings. In this paper, an apodized FBG array was in-line fabricated in a single mode fiber by on a drawing tower and used for dense quasi-distributed temperature sensing. The obtained apodized FBGs have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.09 nm and their sidelobes were decreased by -21.9 dB. A 1000-meter-long array consisting of 10000 apodized gratings was successfully fabricated and used for quasi-distributed temperature sensing. These gratings have good consistency, low transmission loss and good mechanical properties. Experimental results show that the array can accurately measure quasi-distributed temperature fields and the temperature sensitivity is 10.15 pm/°C. It is expected that the apodized grating array can find more applications in many fields.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120921 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547773
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are the endogenous fluorophores in cells. Optical redox ratio determined by the ratio of NADH and FAD was an important oxygenic indicator to reflect cell metabolism. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been recognized as a target for antitumor therapy. In this study, the optical redox ratio was used to evaluate the metabolic changes after the synergistic treatment of tamoxifen and HSP70 inhibitor in MCF-7 breast cancer cells based on optical metabolic imaging. In addition, the cell viability was also measured after the treatments of tamoxifen and HSP70 inhibitor by MTT assay. We observed that changes of the redox ratio and the cell viability with synergistic treatment of tamoxifen and HSP70 inhibitor were more obvious than the results of the sole treatment of tamoxifen or HSP70 inhibitor. These results indicated that the inhibition of HSP70 improve drug response of MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120922 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547786
Full-field swept source optical coherence tomography using an acousto-optically tuned external-cavity laser diode is proposed and demonstrated. The wavelength of the light source is controlled by diffraction in an acousto-optic modulator, instead of by mechanical motion. This allows tuning rates of over 100 kHz without mode hopping. For phase analysis, we used a continuous wavelet transform. This allows for accurate signal processing that reduces calculation error caused by the nonstationary features of an interference signal. We measured the two-dimensional thickness distribution of a thin glass plate. The average thickness of the glass plate was found to be 152.2 μm.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120923 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547956
A novel polymeric nanoparticle was developed between the negatively charged dendrimer phthalocyanine and positively triblock copolymer for the use as an effective photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy. The intracellular uptake of dendrimer phthalocyanines in HeLa cell was significantly enhanced by encapsulated into nanoparticles. The photocytotoxicity of dendrimer phthalocyanines incorporated into polymeric micelles was also increased. The presence of nanoparticles located induced efficient cell death.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120924 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547982
Mobile health (m-Health) has emerged as a trend in modern health care, which request point-of-care test be done near patients’ side. In this paper, we report on smartphone based spectrometry platform including optical spectrometer (OS) and multispectral imager (MSI), aiming to fill the translational gap in spectroscopy technology from central laboratory to clinical field. Here, combining its integrated CMOS sensor with a simple dispersion element, smartphone turns into a smart spectrometer that is capable to detect both of the absorption and fluorescence spectrum of the sample. The proposed smartphone OS is an effective platform for biomarker quantification, which have been applied to quantitatively analyze the glucose levevl in urine. Besides, we established a smartphone MSI based on a bio-inspired MSI chip, which could image the sample in spatial and spectral domain simultaneously. To demonstrate the application potential of the smartphone MSI, it was applied to in-vivo skin lesion diagnose. The chemical analysis capability, portability and costeffectiveness endow the smartphone spectrometry platform a promising analytical tool for m-Health diagnose, from in vivo pathological diagnose to bio-chemical marker quantification.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120925 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548078
The Fabry-Parot etalon can be widely used in the lidar for Doppler wind measurement and aerosol detection. Due to the very wide application of the FP etalon, the standard transmission curve of the F-P is a very important parameter. The general FP etalon measures the transmittance curve by tuning the wavelength of the laser source or tuning the angle of incident light. The FP etalon generally measures the transmittance curve of the etalon by tuning the wavelength of the laser source or use the frequency comb source. Moreover, the tuning of the wavelength and the angle of incident light are nonlinear, and the measurement accuracy is insufficient, and the frequency comb source is very expensive. This paper proposes a new method for testing the transmittance curve of a FP etalon using a similar frequency comb source. The whispering gallery mode is a typical similar frequency comb laser source which has multiple frequency components, but not equal intervals. The spacing of the frequency of the whispering gallery mode is not equal, but the spacing of the frequency can be determined. So, the transmittance curve of the FP etalon can be measured at one time. And the frequency interval and spectral range are tunable easily. This new method greatly reduces the cost of measuring transmission curve, improve measurement accuracy and effectiveness and has great theoretical and practical value.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120926 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548081
A Vehicle-mounted Mie lidar is developed. The structure and data processing method of the lidar system are introduced. Based on the traditional Fernald method,the inverse astigmatic aerosol extinction coefficient is proposed by using the fixed scattering ratio method. Using the lidar system, the temporal and spatial distribution of aerosols over hefei was detected, and the extinction coefficient profile of aerosols in the vertical direction and the spatial distribution of aerosols in the 45° azimuth Angle were obtained, which is of great significance for the realization of large-scale aerosol detection.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120927 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548106
We propose a Visible light positioning (VLP) system which can satisfy the requirements in the places where monitors are required to grasp the location of multiple people or vehicles, such as unmanned supermarkets, warehouses, factories, and other large buildings with safety issues. Which means when the security cameras capturing images, the coordinates of the objects can be obtained and displayed at the same time. This novel Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) VLP system which can monitor multiple objects at the same time provides accurate and high-speed multiple objects indoor positioning based on the Space Division Multiple (SDM), Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and the under-sampled phase shift ON-OFF keying (UPSOOK). The experimental results show that the proposed system achieves accuracy of 10cm with the range of tilting angle degree is 0° to 45°. The result means the system does well in robustness and accuracy.
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Fan Yu, Heping Li, Dongliang Song, Jie Li, Qingli He, Shuang Wang
Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120928 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548118
Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a new proposed technique for recovering Raman spectra from up to several millimeters beneath the surface of turbid media. Here, we presented a home-made modular inverse spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (Inverse SORS) system, which is used to acquire chemical specific information on deep layers of biological tissue. In order to demonstrate the performance of presented system, a two-layer biological model was adopted by applying paracetamol powders in pork tissue with 4 mm and 8 mm depth. The results from the model suggest that Inverse SORS not only can acquire Raman features from upper layer tissue, it could also detect the Raman signal from paracetamol powders under 8mm tissue layer using source-detector separations of up to 9 mm. After system optimization, the proposed system and its analytical methodology pave the way for a range of new applications for Raman spectroscopy, including in vivo diagnosis, non-invasive probing of pharmaceutical products in quality control and in tissue-drug interactions.
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Heping Li, Yu Ren, Dongliang Song, Fan Yu, Siyuan Jiang, Shuang Wang
Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120929 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548124
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among female cancer patients. The clinical diagnosis of breast cancer is mainly through biopsy, X-ray, color doppler ultrasound and nuclear magnetic resonance technology, which has a long-time examination and a high-rate misdiagnosis. In this work, we used confocal Raman microspectroscopy imaging (CRMI) to identify the spectra-pathological features of infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) and the hyperplasia tissue. After point-scanned the lesion site, the obtained spectral set was reconstructed for further pathologic visualization by K-means clustering analysis (KCA). The main differences between the cancerous tissue and the hyperplasia tissue are existed at the spectral feature of lipid and protein. The peak intensities of protein at 748, 1000, 1320, 1618 cm-1 in the cancerous tissue was higher than that in the hyperplasia tissue, whereas the protein Raman peaks at 859 cm-1 was lower in the cancerous tissue than that in the hyperplasia tissue. While, the lipid content in the 1450, 2880, 2926 cm-1 were lower than that in the hyperplasia tissue. The content of nucleic acid in 748 cm-1 cancerous tissue was higher than that in hyperplasia tissue, and there was an additional peak of 1572 cm-1 presented in hyperplasia tissue. The reconstructed pathological Raman image provided both compositional and structural information for IDC progression. The achieved results lay a foundation for understanding the pathological changes of breast cancer in vivo.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092A (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548185
A modulation format identification (MFI) scheme based on orthogonal coding scheme is proposed to solve the modulation format identification problem in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. The scheme uses sidebands to carry orthogonally encoded modulation format information. The basic orthogonal codeword is generated by the Hadamard matrix, and the codewords that are not equal to other codewords after the cyclic shift are selected. The receiving end decodes the modulation format information by using mutual information. We calculate the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the mutual information between the received symbols after cyclic shifting and the standard codewords to make the proposed scheme more robust. We numerically simulated the proposed scheme in a wavelength division multiplexing system, where its channels carry 12.5 Gbaud 4/16/64 QAM and 8/16 PSK. The simulation results show that the modulation format information in the sideband has little effect on the main band information. In the absence of symbol calibration, the receiver can still recover modulation format information from the sideband information with a high accuracy rate. Compared with the MFI algorithm based on Stokes space and the MFI based on signal amplitude performance, the proposed MFI still performs well at low OSNR, although it occupies some bandwidth resources. Moreover, this solution only requires a small number of symbols for decision, so it can achieve fast response requiring little extra storage space.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092B (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548253
A compact double fiber Bragg gratings(FBGs) accelerometer based on push-pull compliant cylinders is proposed. The mechanical model is demonstrated. The accelerometer contains four parts, double cylinders, double FBGs, inertial mass, shell. Double cylinders and mass block which can reduce the cross-sensitivity and protect the FBGs from being damaged. The material of the cylinders is two-component vulcanized silicone rubber. The amplitude-frequency and sensitivity of the accelerometer are theoretically analyzed and experimental measured. Experimental results show that the resonant frequency of the accelerometer is 640Hz, the sensor has a broad flat frequency range from 20 to 500Hz, the sensitivity of the accelerometer is about 48.5pm/G with a linearity of 0.999, while the two FBGs is contributed to the sensitivity enhancement, temperature and transverse sensitivity independent. The accelerometer has a wide frequency and high sensitivity, making it a good candidate for the cross-well micro-seismic monitoring..
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Jin Yang, Lin Luo, Kai Yang, Jinlong Li, Xiaorong Gao
Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092C (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548262
Conventional ultrasonic testing uses echo amplitude to characterize defect characteristics. Ultrasonic time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) method detects defects by receiving the diffraction wave signal and uses the arrival time of the echo to characterize the defects. It is a highly accurate non-destructive testing method. Laser ultrasonic is a new type of noncontact ultrasonic excitation technology, which can obtain a wide frequency band signal without coupling and can simultaneously excite ultrasonic waves of various modes such as surface wave, transverse wave and longitudinal wave on the surface of the material. Among them, the surface wave and the longitudinal wave are not suitable for the TOFD detection because of their characteristics, so the transverse wave is used for defect detection in this paper. In this study, the finite element software ABAQUS was used to simulate the process of laser ultrasonic defect detection. According to the TOFD signal obtained by simulation, the size of the defect was calculated and compared with the actual size, and the detection error was obtained. At the same time, the effects of different defect length, width and depth on the echo signals are analyzed. The results show that the laser ultrasonic-TOFD method has good detection ability for defects with moderate length and small width, which indicates that it is feasible to apply TOFD method to laser ultrasonic flaw detection.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092D (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548264
In this paper, a cascaded optical parametric system combing degenerate optical parametric oscillation (OPO) and second harmonic generation (SHG) is investigated. By using the positive-P representation and standard input-output relations, and using quantum trajectory numerical simulation, we can analyse the quantum correlation behavior of the system above or below threshold. By injecting a small coherent signal in the lowest field mode, the threshold of the system can be changed. More importantly, the symmetry property of the EPR steering can also easily be controlled. Without signal injection, the EPR steering only occurs between two higher field modes below threshold, but it will disappear with injection. For EPR steering of other two pair bipartition is formerly not existent, while they occur with injection. Meanwhile, the steering property of the lowest mode and the highest mode becomes asymmetric by changing the value of the signal. The injection of the coherent signal allows for a simple means of control over the EPR steering properties of the system.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092E (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548284
A femtosecond mode-lock all-fiber laser based on the nonlinear multimode interference (NL-MMI) effect is demonstrated. The saturable absorber (SA) in this laser is a graded-index multimode fiber-step index multimode fibergraded-index multimode fiber (GIMF-SIMF-GIMF) structure. The laser can work in mode-lock or soliton mode-lock two states. Through finely turning the polarization controller (PC), the laser will change the operation state. When the laser is running in the mode-locked state, the pump threshold is 51.4 mW. The center wavelength of the mode-lock pulse is 1559.71 nm with a spectral bandwidth of 10.73 nm, 354 fs duration and the fundamental repetition rate of 10.8 MHz. When the laser working in the soliton mode-lock state, the pump threshold is 54.1 mW. The center wavelength of the soliton pulse is 1561.85 nm, and the spectral bandwidth is 4.01 nm. The lasers have environmental stability. After a slight disturbance, the laser can stabilize itself to the mode-locked state.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092F (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548288
The image distortions caused by the inherent mode dispersion and coupling of the multimode fiber (MMF) lead its output light field to be scattered and prevent it from applicating in endoscopy. Although various wavefront shaping methods have been proposed to overcome these image distortions and form the focused spots through the MMF, they are usually time-consuming due to the multiple iterations and tedious calculation. In this paper, based on the phase-only modulation of the spatial light modulator (SLM) and the parallel algorithm, we experimentally demonstrate the highspeed focusing through the MMF without the iteration process. Our parallel algorithm, including the online speckle recording process and the offline compensated phase calculation process, allows it possible to calculate the compensated phase masks for generating several focused spots at different predefined positions at one time, which is quite timesaving. Experiment shows that a series of focused spots at arbitrary target positions at the MMF output facet are efficiently generated by just one-loop accessing the SLM and the speckle capturing-device and one-time phase retrieval. Besides, focusing at different depths along the output light axis of the MMF is demonstrated by modifying the compensated phase masks. We predict the high-speed focusing method through the MMF might have the potential application for fast spotscanning imaging.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092G (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548299
The most frequently-used design method for diffractive optical elements (DOE) is scalar diffraction theory, but it is unsuitable for the design of sub-wavelength DOE with large diffraction angles. In this paper, we propose a hybrid iterative design method, which effectively utilizes the large-scale global optimization characteristics of scalar diffraction theory and the accuracy of the rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) theory. A 5*7 beam splitter was designed to verify the proposed model. The design resolution is around 200nm with diffraction angle at 55.61°x61.82°. Several initial solutions were obtained by the non-paraxial scalar diffraction theory. Those solutions were later used as the inputs for continuous optimization through the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The RCWA model was used to analyze the diffraction efficiency and uniformity of the beam splitter DOE. All these structures were fabricated by lithography and duplicated by nano-imprinting process. The optical uniformity of 5*7 beam splitter pattern is improved to 46.30% from its initial values which is bigger than 70%. The testing data from RCWA optimized pattern matches with the design value from scatter plot analysis. This provides an effective method for the design of sub-wavelength DOE with large diffraction angle.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092H (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548383
We demonstrate a high reliability mobile fronthaul transmission system using a novel Maximal Ratio Combined receiver (MRC-RX) which combines direct and lite-coherent detections. The maximal ratio combined algorithm employed in the MRC-RX takes the advantage of both direct detection and lite-coherent detection, it ensures the best performance in the case of either low or high optical received power. By using MRC-RX, the error vector magnitude (EVM) performance can be reduced to be smaller than 10% in the proof-of-concept experiment.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092I (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548390
Experimental observation of reverse wavelength self-sweeping effect is reported in a bidirectional ytterbium-doped fiber ring laser. The wavelength self-sweeping regime - that a spontaneous, periodical, stable - can be obtained by the dynamical induced grating formed in an active medium due to the spatial hole burning. In this work, the reverse self- sweeping effect operates, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in 1.037 μm wavelength region. Besides, the fiber laser can generate a self-pulse signal and reverse wavelength self-sweeping with an average rate of 0.38 nm/s in the largest coverage of 2.75 nm. The self-pulse signal that modulated by inter-mode beating can be observed and the microsecond pulse train envelopes are in the range of 116-128 kHz.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092J (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548397
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has recently emerged as a promising imaging modality for gastric cancer. In order to describe and study photoacoustic (PA) signal generation principles and study the effect of variation in PA parameters. This paper presents a finite element (FE)-based numerical simulation model of PAI of gastric tissue and the related tumor. This study attempts to describe how a commercially available Finite Element software (COMSOL), can serve as a single platform for simulating PA that couples the electromagnetic, thermodynamic and acoustic pressure physics involved in PA phenomena. A three-dimensional optical model of uniform gastric tissue embedded with spherical tumor and external irradiation short pulse laser point source was constructed. Four sets of simulation models were integrated together to describe the physical principles of PAI: 1) Diffusion equation was used to describe light propagation; 2) Temperature changes were simulated using bio-thermal equations; 3) With stress-strain model, the process of the PA signal generation could be simulated; 4) Pressure acoustics was used to simulate the propagation of acoustic pressure. In addition, point probes placed in the interior and boundary of the FE model can provide acoustic pressure data, which conforms to the rules of PA signal. This study not only confirm the effectiveness of the PA model, but also provide certain significance for better excitation and detection of PA signal.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092K (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548400
Lijiang Exoplanet Tracker (LijET) was designed to detect exoplanets with extremely high precision radial velocity (RV) measurements, and it was mounted on 2.4m telescope at Lijiang Observatory in 2011. The Dispersed Fixed- Delay Interferometry (DFDI) mode of LiJET is a combination of a thermally compensated monolithic michelson interferometer and a cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph. When the slit width is 1.6”, the spectral resolution is 18000. With a 4k x 4k CCD, the spectrograph has wavelength coverage of 390nm-690nm. The temperature stability of the instrument is 25±0.001°C, and the pressure stability of the instrument is 10.9±0.001psi. LiJET realize high precision RV measurements by measuring the phase shifts of fringes in the slit direction. Differential RV is a function of light speed, phase shift, wavelength and optical delay. Thus, optical delay is necessary to be determined accurately to take differential RV measurements to derive precise RV. We used thorium argon (ThAr) and tungsten lamp to calibration the DFDI spectrum of LiJET, and then to calculate the optical delay at different channels on the CCD detector.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092L (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548418
Tapered optical fiber-based interferometric sensors have potential applications in some fields for the measurements of solution concentration, refractive index, biomolecules, etc. By coating specific functional film onto the surface of a tapered optical fiber, it is possible to further extend the detection range and enhance the measurement sensitivity. In this paper, a tapered optical fiber sensor based on Mach-Zehnder modal interference is studied. An atactic polystyrene thin film was used as a functional layer to coat onto the surface of the tapered region. Detection of aqueous glucose of different concentrations was carried out using the tapered fiber sensor with or without the coating. The experimental results show that the measurement sensitivity can be significantly improved by coating the atactic polystyrene thin film onto the tapered fiber with suitable waist parameter.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092M (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548452
In order to avoid falling into the local optimal solution in the process of linear optimization, a calibration method for calculating the radial and tangential distortion coefficients is proposed. Firstly, the initial internal and external parameters of the camera are obtained by using the coordinates of the characteristic points in the central region of the calibration image. Camera imaging procedure is dividedinto two separate steps in which ideal image point is moved to actual image point through radial distortion and tangential distortion in sequence. With the distortion model and crossratio invariance, the distortion coefficient of the camera can be solved.. It is assumed that the point after distortion correction conforms to perspective projection principle, and the exact value is approximated step with the distortion model and iteration. Compared with the traditional nonlinear optimization method, the average back-projection error of the corrected image coordinates is significantly reduced and has better robustness and accuracy.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092N (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548518
We studied the four-wave mixing in photonic waveguides including crystal silicon waveguide, amorphous silicon waveguide, and silicon nitride microring resonator. The devices were fabricated by using electron-beam lithography and inductively coupled plasma etching technologies. The spectra of four-wave mixing process were measured by using the optical spectrum analyzer. The pump power dependences of the conversion efficiencies were analyzed according to the measured spectra. The amorphous silicon waveguide works more efficient than the crystal silicon waveguide. Silicon nitride microring resonator enhanced the conversion efficiency effectively by about 8.0 dB.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092O (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548530
A Probabilistic Shaping (PS) 12-QAM scheme based on Set-Partitioned (SP) Two-Polarization (TP) is proposed to improve the effectiveness and reliability of Probabilistic Shaping 12-QAM (PS-12QAM). In this scheme, the Uniform 12- QAM constellation points are divided into two set partitions, and two polarization states are used to broaden the dimension between two set partitions. Moreover, the system capacity is further approached to Shannon limit by Probabilistic Shaping. The simulations on PS-8QAM, PS-12QAM, PS-16QAM and Probabilistic Shaping Set-Partitioned Two-Polarization 12- QAM (PS-SP-TP-12QAM) have been completed. The results show that, compared with PS-12QAM, the Euclidean distance between adjacent constellation points in PS-SP-TP-12QAM scheme is significantly optimized, and the bit error rate (BER) of this scheme is greatly improved up to 0.5dB. Compared with PS-8QAM and PS-16QAM, it brings a better balance between effectiveness and reliability performance.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092P (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548539
Interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography (I-COACH) is an incoherent digital holography technique without two-wave interference. In the system of I-COACH, the information of the corresponding depth of a three-dimensional object is reconstructed by the cross-correlation operation between a point hologram (PSH) and an object hologram (OH). Because the I-COACH needs to combine multi-step phase-shift technique and image averaging technique to suppress the bias terms and background noise in reconstructed images, the image time resolution is poor. In order to suppress the bias terms and background noise, in this paper, we proposed an adaptive learning dictionary reconstruction (ALDR) method of I-COACH system by combing non-linear reconstruction technique and sparse representation theory. By using the nonlinear reconstruction image as the training data of the model, the K-means singular value decomposition (K-SVD) and orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm are used to obtain a redundant adaptive learning dictionary for reconstructing image. The compression reconstruction is performed to achieve the adaptive noise-free reconstructed image in the I-COACH.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092Q (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548544
For a VLC system, it transmits information by modulating LED with electrical signal. To ensure the sufficient optical power at the receiver, the electrical signal with large amplitude is hope to be applied on the LED , however, the LED has the turn-on voltage and the saturated voltage, so large electrical signal in transmitter will lead to the clipping distortion on the LED in theory. In this paper, the modulating efficiencies of white light LED with the rated power 1W, 0.5W and 0.1W are measured in experiment with the biased voltage 3.4V, and their modulating property are compared when the peak-peak AC voltage of the frequency 500KHz are in the range 0.5V-2.1Vpp and 2.2-5Vpp. In the experiment, an Arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) with the voltage bias function is utilized to generate a biased sine waveform Experimental results show that the slopes of Pe-Vt curve(modulating efficiency) increase with the drop of the rated power of LED at the frequency 500KHz in region I. In region II, the slopes of 1W LED and 0.1W LED are larger than that of 0.5W LED. The modulating efficiency is higher in region II than that in region I. When LED operate at the clipping distortion region, it has large modulating efficiency. Data fitting analysis shows that the 1W LED has the poor linearity in both region because its R-squares in both regions are smaller than other LEDs. The nonlinearity of the Pe-Vt curve will affect the modulating efficiency.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092R (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548572
Since the ideal image is difficult to be stripped from the actual sampling, this study aims to address and test a shared noise which as the knowledge and is included in the signal applying to the sampled projection to generate high qualified X-ray imaging by reducing the artifacts in computed tomography (CT). Combined with the randomness of the noise, the prereconstruction of the original projection is performed first, and then the forward projection which contains the equivalent noise in the image is obtained. Based on the slice updating, the forward and reconstruction processing is employed again. By means of threshold setting, multiple forward projections are accumulated, whereas the noise upon them will be reduced by averaging process. The noise is suppressed, and the expected information emerges, simultaneously. Study results show effective results, and the proposed method is practical and attractive as a preferred solution to CT artifacts suppression. It provides reliable guarantee for the CT inspection of internal and external dimensions.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092S (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548591
The use of spatial coding schemes is always a research hotspot of structural light 3D reconstruction. Spatial coding only needs one frame of image to reshape the three-dimensional feature of the object. However, it is difficult to obtain higher resolution due to fewer feature points extracted. In the coding stage, this paper uses a two-dimensional discrete pseudorandom pattern composed of rectangular color elements. And in the decoding stage, a feature detector for a rectangular grid point and a center point is proposed by using four corner points and a center point of a rectangle as feature points. It can get more feature points in the spatial coding without increasing the calculation amount during the decoding stage, thereby obtaining more accurate feature information on the surface of the object. From the experimental results, this method compared with the existing approaches can significantly improve the accuracy of rectangular grid points detection and can reconstruct more high-precision feature points.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092T (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548596
Florid type is a kind of morphological variation of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Florid lobular carcinoma in situ (FLCIS) has the same cytological features as LCIS, often associated with comedo-type necrosis. Unlike classic lobular carcinoma in situ (CLCIS), which is often managed with close observation or chemoprevention, the treatment guidelines recommend that FLCIS be managed in the same way as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Therefore, it is critical to accurately identify FLCIS for management purposes. Recently, multiphoton microscopy (MPM) has become a powerful imaging tool for label-free detection of biological tissue. In this work, we obtain high-resolution images of unstained normal and diseased breast specimens by MPM. In order to verify the imaging details, we also obtained hematoxylin-eosin (H and E) stained images of corresponding tissues to compare with the MPM images. Our results indicate that MPM can identify FLCIS and CLCIS through histological characteristics, including cell morphology and collagen structure. With the further improvement of MPM, its diagnostic capabilities of real-time and non-invasive may provide a new option for early detection of breast tumor
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Qiuju Guan, Bin Jin, Lixing Ding, Jian Liang, Junxia Shi
Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092U (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548678
Today most people, especially the elderly in urban areas, spend more than 80% of their time in indoor environments, such as at home, the workplace, public and private places. Indoor human tracking is a basic task thats of high value in variety of applications, such as security system, person surveillance and human-centered ambient intelligence. Recently, optical fiber sensor has been explored for device-free human tracking, which offers a promising alternative to video or wearable sensor based paradigm, because of its advantages of data-efficient, low-computational-cost and non-intrusive in indoor environments. The challenges in building fiber-optic sensors based human tracking system are to accurately and quickly estimate human position, as well as provide acceptable efficiency performance. Motivated by these challenges, we have built a multiplexing sensing based tracking system using optical fiber sensors. To derive an accurate and efficient tracking scheme, we show that the position information of human body can be formulated as bipedal movement on the constructed grids of an indoor structured environment. The properties of spatio-temporal correlations and sparsity of the bipedal movements is then incorporated into the multiplexing sensing mechanism for efficiency enhancement. In addition, a look-up-table is applied to map the multiple measurement vector into the target position. Finally, a lab-scale prototype system is developed for indoor human tracking. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in human tracking.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092V (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548690
Atmospheric turbulence has a greater influence on the performance of the atmospheric laser communication system increasing the bit error rate (BER) and reducing the signal to noise ratio (SNR). If the bidirectional free space laser transmission link has channel reciprocity, the change of optical signal intensity at the two terminal is correlated, and channel state information (CSI) can be obtained at the transmitter, which saves channel space and improves real-time detection of instantaneous CSI and communication channel capacity. In this paper, under the condition of weak-fluctuation, according to the Rytov approximation theory, the relationship between the correlation of optical signal of receiving terminal and transmission path of bidirectional free space laser transmission link is deduced and analyzed, and then the coaxial atmospheric laser transmission link of bidirectional transmitting and receiving is built for field experiment. Experimental results show that the intensity of optical signal at the receiving terminalof bidirectional free space laser transmission link is correlated. The correlation coefficient is related to the location of transmission path. The probability density distribution of the optical signal collected by the experiment obeys the terminal and approximation theory, the relationship between the correlation of optical signal of receiving terminal and transmission path of bidirectional free space laser transmission link is deduced and analyzed, and then the coaxial is correlated. The correlation coefficient is related to the location of transmission path. The probability density distribution of the optical signal collected by the experiment obeys the lognormal distribution, and the real-time change trend of the intensity of the speckle signal at the both receivers is same. Therefore, the atmospheric channel of the bidirectional free space laser transmission link is reciprocal. The conclusion of this paper is of great significance for realizing high-rate and low bit error rate transmission in atmospheric channel.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092W (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548691
In recent years, the detection rate of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has been greatly increased due to the wide application of mammography. DCIS is a non-invasive neoplastic lesion that encompassed a heterogeneous group of lesions characterized by mild to severe atypia in ductal hyperplastic tumor cells. To facilitate the selection of appropriate treatments and to predict the risk of recurrence of DCIS, pathologists divide DCIS into three grades based primarily on nuclear grade (low grade, intermediate grade and high grade) and intraductal necrosis (comedo or punctate). Imaging and clinical examination failed to identify the grade of DCIS due to lack of adequate resolution. Clinically, the histopathological gold standard "hematoxylin and eosin-stained (H and E) sections" is used to identify the grade of DCIS. But, hematoxylin and eosin-stained (H and E) sections has several shortcomings, including time-consuming and complicated pathological procedures, labor intensive, and some subjective errors. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) based on two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG), provides a label-free, low phototoxicity and high-resolution imaging method for label-free tissue samples. In this study, we used MPM to identify three different grades of human breast DCIS. Our results demonstrated that MPM can be rapidly used to identify three different grades of human breast DCIS on label-free tissue samples, via high-resolution imaging of intraductal proliferation of tumor cells, intraductal necrosis, and ductal basement membranes.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092X (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548701
Deducing the design parameters of semiconductor lasers from a desired spectrum and light-current (L-I) curve, etc., i.e. the inverse design technique, is highly demanded both academically and in industry. Here, we propose an approach to obtain the inverse design of a laser by combining the deep learning algorithm and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. The deep-learning neural network (NN) is trained by the traveling-wave model (TWM) calculated database, and is used to predict the output power for any given new set of design parameters. The standard deviation of the NN approximation can be as low as 0.31mW, and the CPU time as fast as 0.07s, which is much more efficient compared with the TWM numerical algorithm (of CPU time 125.57s), for the same L-I curve calculation. By combining NN with the PSO algorithm, laser parameters can be inversely designed and optimized according to the given/desired L-I curve. Speed of the this process can be improved by about 17,500 times, and the designed parameters are found to be close to their preset values in the test, which indicates its possibility to solve the nonlinear problem for the semiconductor laser process.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092Y (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548725
In this paper, we theoretically design and numerically verify a broadband plasmonic absorber that works continuously in ultraviolet to near-infrared region. Different from the traditional metal-insulator-metal (MIM) three-layer structure, our perfect absorber is based on insulator-metal-insulator-metal (IMIM) four-layer structure. This perfect absorber has 280 nm ultra-thin thickness, and the combination of refractory metal titanium nitride and high-melting-point insulator silica gives our absorber strong thermal stability. The novel titanium nitride ring-square array layer combines the absorption of different wavelength bands so that the absorber can achieve a continuous absorption of more than 90% from wavelength 200 to 1200 nm. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculated average absorption rate reaches 94.85%, which 99.40% maximum absorption at wavelength 270 nm and 90.30% minimum absorption at 390 nm. In addition, polarization independence under normal incidence and large incident angle insensitivity under oblique incidence, making our perfect absorber more advantageous in applications such as solar energy collection, photothermal conversion, and invisibility cloak.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112092Z (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548749
Optical encryption technology using phase-shifting interferometry (PSI) is widely used in many security fields, showing the advantages of parallel processing and the high security due to the information can be encrypted in multiple dimensions. The traditional PSI- based encryption methods are realized by the traditional multi-step phase-shifting algorithms (PSAs), although they are fast and accurate, the phase shifts deviation (PSD) caused by phase shifter detuning often affect the performance of the above methods. In order to solve this problem, a phase-only encryption method combining a normalization and orthogonalization phase-shifting algorithm (NOPSA) is proposed to eliminate the influence of PSD on the effective on decryption. First, the original image is phase encoded and encrypted by a phase key loaded on a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM). Subsequently, the modulated reference light will be overlapped with the object wave to form interference pattern. Finally, the encrypted image hiding can be implemented based on NOPSA. Compared with the current PSI- based encryption methods, its obvious advantage is that when the phase shifts are not accurate or unknown, the proposed method can still achieve high quality encryption and hiding, which broadens the working conditions of PSI- based encryption methods.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120930 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548775
In a silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator with on-chip termination, the reflection of the driving signal in the traveling wave electrode often occurs due to non-ideal factors. This may influence the modulating signal characteristics. To study such influence, the S11 response of the electrode is averaged over different frequency ranges to characterize the reflection of the driving signal in the electrode. We find that the signal-to-noise ratio and the jitter can be substantially affected by the reflection. In addition, for the same characteristic, when the averaging frequency range for S11 varies, the relations between mean S11 and the output signal characteristics may also vary to some extent. Understanding of these phenomena are potentially useful to the applications of the modulators in the optical communication systems.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120931 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548779
The deformation of the φ600mm reference mirror under gravity cannot be ignored when measuring optical components with a φ600mm interferometer. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a reasonable support and rotation mechanism to adjust the reference mirror of the interferometer in order to meet the accuracy requirements. In this paper, two mechanical structures for supporting and rotating the φ600mm reference mirror are analyzed. One is using the roller slings to provide tension, and the conveyor belt drives the reference mirror to rotate by friction; while the other one is using glue to connect the silica gel and the edge of the reference mirror where silica gel is fixed on the metal frame. The rotation of the reference mirror can be realized by manually rotating the frame. In order to analyze the influence of the two mechanisms on the mirror under working conditions, a three-dimensional model of the φ600mm reference mirror with its supporting system was established using the finite element analysis software ABAQUS, and the contact conditions and boundary conditions were reasonably applied to the reference mirror. Reference mirror is analyzed in both statical and dynamical states. The changes of internal stress and surface shape are compared when the reference mirror is supported and rotated on both mechanisms. The advantages of different mechanisms are elaborated, and the parameters of mechanisms are optimized theoretically. Analysis results can provide a useful guide for the support of the reference mirror and the adjustment of the φ600mm large aperture interferometer.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120932 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548784
In recent decades, gold nanorods have been widely used in biomedical fields, such as drug delivery, phototherapy, diagnosis and biosensing, due to their unique properties. And biosafety assessment and therapeutic effect of gold nanorods are very important for their application in biomedicine. In order to evaluate the biological safety and therapeutic effect of gold nanorods, it is necessary to solve the problem of the interaction between cells and gold nanorods. However, the complexity of the gold nanorods properties, cell type and microenvironment will affect the interaction between cells and gold nanorods. In this study, by comparing normal ovarian cancer cells (HOSEpiC) with cancerous ovarian cancer cells (HO-8910), we investigated the toxicity of gold nanorods to the two different kinds of cells, the uptake of gold nanorods by the two different kinds of cells and the intracellular distribution of gold nanorods after they enter the cells. In addition, the effect of protein corona on the interaction of gold nanorods with ovarian cells was also explored. The results showed that the cytotoxicity of gold nanorods and the uptake of gold nanorods by cells were affected by many factors. And the presence of protein corona significantly reduced the internalization ability of gold nanorods. This study will provide a research basis for the future application of gold nanorods in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120933 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548794
In this work, a simple phase-shifted fiber grating (PSFG) inscription technique based on screening method was demonstrated, in which a standard single-mode fiber (SMF) is irradiated by 193 nm excimer laser beam (ELB) via phase mask (PM). During the inscription processes, a small segment of filament with the diameter of about 1mm was perpendicularly inserted in the exposure area to cover the SMF before the ELB is irradiated into the SMF, thus the PSFG will be inscribed. Additionally, in order to clearly observe the PSFG on the temperature and stress characteristics, the reflectance spectrums recorded by a demodulator was processed with the PC. The experimental results show that the notch wavelength has red-shift with the ambient temperature and axial stress increase, or has blue-shift with the ambient temperature and axial stress decrease. The temperature and stress responses sensitivities of the PSFG are 10.26 pm/°Cand 1.36nm/N, in a range from 40°C to 90°C and from 0.2 N to 1.6 N, respectively. And the experimental results exhibited good linearity with an R-square of about 0.998 and 0.999, respectively. The PSFG fabricated by this simple and feasible method can effectively reduce the reflectance spectrum bandwidth of the fiber grating without increasing the length of the grating region or reducing the refractive index modulation depth, thus satisfying the detection of weak dynamic signals.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120934 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548795
The plasmonic color filter with a suitable bandwidth, high transmittance is usually regarded as an essential optical element for a variety of utilization. Here, we propose an ultra-thin plasmonic color filter based on a substrate free dielectric film waveguide composed of two sizes of metal-disk. The proposed plasmonic filter operates through the hybrid role of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode, the localized Fabry-Perot resonance, and waveguide mode. The filter consists of a waveguide layer (Si3N4), a buffer layer (MgF2) and a nanodisk (Al). This paper uses the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The boundary condition is the boundary condition of the perfectly matched layer(PML) with anisotropy in Y direction, and the periodic boundary condition is selected in X and Z directions. In this paper, the influence of the thickness of the waveguide layer, the thickness of the buffer layer and the nanodisk period on the transmission spectrum is discussed, and the polarization-dependence of the filter is also discussed. The results demonstrate that the filter has more than 80% transmittance and is related to polarization and can be implemented to color display and integrated optoelectronic devices.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120935 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548796
In this paper, we theoretically investigate a tunable ultra-narrow band absorber consisting of lamellar structure in the near-infrared wavelength range. The absorption efficiency is 99.9% under normal incidence and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) is only 4nm. The high absorption is attributed to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which increases the interaction volume of the optical field. The ultra-narrow band absorber has a high refractive index sensitivity of 1208nm/RIU in a wide refractive index range of 1.33 to 1.40 and a high figure of merit of 302. Besides, the influence of structure parameters on the sensing performance are also investigated. Due to its easiness to be fabricated, the proposed structure has potential in sensing application.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120936 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548807
In this paper, a method of detecting mercury ion (Hg2+) concentration in water samples by using Thymine-1-aceticAcid (T-COOH) functionalized Au nanoparticles enhanced fiber optic SPR sensor is proposed. Firstly, we coat the surface of the optical fiber with Au film, then assemble a layer of mercaptoethymine on the surface of the Au film, and formed the Au-S bond by chemical reaction between the sulfhydryl group and the Au, and exposed the amine group on the surface of the fiber sensing region. Then we use T-COOH to modify the thymine on the fiber optic by the chemical reaction between amine and carboxyl. Similarly, mercaptoethymine and T-COOH were used to modify thymine on the surface of Au nanoparticles, and the optimal ratio of T-COOH : Au nanoparticles = 3:50 was obtained through modification optimization. Then the sandwich structure of Au-T—Hg2+—T-Au NPs was formed when mercury ion was detected, which effectively improved the accuracy and sensitivity of mercury ion detection. Then the concentration of ions is measured. By analyzing the influence of other metal ions and mercury ions in the same concentration of water samples, it is concluded that the fiber optic SPR sensor designed in this paper has high selectivity for mercury ions, so this method has high feasibility.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120937 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548810
This paper introduces a compact data acquisition for micro spectrometer. The system uses a linear CMOS sensor to capture the spectrum, and a single STM32 ARM chip to control, to process and to transfer the signals. Compared with the traditional data acquisition system based on FPGA and ARM chips, this system has smaller size and lower cost, making it suitable for use in micro spectrometer. The performance of the system is also evaluated by a series of experiments. The system shows good linearity and accuracy. The responses under different integration time, different pixel, and different wavelength are also measured, which is important for signal correction in spectrum measurement.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120938 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548814
It has long been known that ferromagnets undergo a phase transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic at the Curie temperature, associated with critical phenomena such as a divergence in the heat capacity. A ferromagnet can also be transiently demagnetized by heating it with an ultrafast laser pulse. However, to date the connection between out-ofequilibrium and equilibrium phase transitions was not known, nor how fast the out-of-equilibrium phase transitions can proceed. In this work, by combining time- and angle-resolved photoemission (Tr-ARPES) with time-resolved transverse magneto-optical Kerr (Tr-TMOKE) spectroscopies, we show that the same critical behavior also governs the ultrafast magnetic phase transition in nickel. This is evidenced by several observations. First, we observe a divergence of the transient heat capacity of the electron spin system preceding material demagnetization. Second, when the electron temperature is transiently driven above the Curie temperature, we observe an extremely rapid change in the material response: the spin system absorbs sufficient energy within the first 20 fs to subsequently proceed through the phase transition, while demagnetization and the collapse of the exchange splitting occur on much longer timescales. Third, we find that the transient electron temperature alone dictates the magnetic response. By comparing results obtained from different methods, we show that the critical behaviors are essential for fully explaining the fluence-dependent magnetization dynamics measured using magneto-optical spectroscopy
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120939 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548815
In this paper, the bipolar resistive switching properties of Ge2Sb2Te5 material are studied. By changing the voltage step, compliance current, cycle number and other parameters, the characteristics of the resistive switching voltage, switching ratio, switching polarity and cycle repetition of Ge2Sb2Te5 were tested. The experimental results show that the Ge2Sb2Te5 material film exhibit reversible and reproducible bi-stable resistive switching with lower threshold voltage. The reversible resistance switching between HRS and LRS was induced by bias amplitude and polarity. The electrical resistance ratio of HRS/LRS was ~80:1. After 100 test cycles, the ratio of high resistance state (HRS) and low resistance state (LRS) is not obviously changed, which indicates that the Ge2Sb2Te5 material has excellently nonvolatile bipolar resistance storage characteristics.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093A (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548817
Phthalocyanine complexes are promising second-generation photosensitizers. It has many advantages in photodynamic therapy: good photothermal stability, absorption wavelength in the near-infrared region, and low cytotoxicity. However, they also have some disadvantages:easy to aggregate, poor in solubility, and lack tissue-target.Therefore, how to modify the structure of phthalocyanine is becoming a research hotspot. In this paper, a novel polyfluoroalkylyate silicon (IV) phthalocyanine (SiPc-F) was synthesized. The photophysical properties of this novel polyfluoroalkylyate silicon (IV) phthalocyanine complex (SiPc-F) were studied by UV-visible spectroscopy, steady state and time-resolved spectroscopic methods. The effect of the fluorine substituent on the photophysical properties of phthalocyanine complexes and the quantum yield of singlet oxygen was compared. The results show that the maximum absorption wavelength of polyfluoroalkylyate silicon (IV) phthalocyanine is red-shifted and the intensity is enhanced, the fluorescence intensity becomes stronger, fluorescence quantum yields and fluorescence lifetime is higher but singlet oxygen quantum yields was lower than that of non-fluorinated silicon (IV) phthalocyanine at the same concentration. Polyfluoroalkylyate silicon (IV) phthalocyanine complexes are excellent candidate photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093B (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548825
In order to effectively reduce the surface state density of GaAs and obtain a stable high-performance passivation film, the GaAs surface was passivated by using the solution of octadecanethiol in different solvents. The effects of solvent polarity on passivated GaAs surface by octadecyl mercaptan solution were researched by X-ray diffractometry, photoluminescence and atomic force microscopy. The XPS test shows that the methanol compared to ethanol and isopropanol solvents, the surface of the GaAs after passivation has less oxide content, the As-S bond increases, and the density of octadecanethiol molecules attached to the surface increases. The PL measurement shows that the PL intensity of GaAs surface is highest by octadecanethiol methanol solution passivation, and it is 1.65 times higher than non-passivated. The surface stability test shows that the photoluminescence intensity of passivated GaAs surface do not deteriorate significantly after several days in air (PL intensity decreased by 22.1% within 30 days), which indicates that the self-assembled passivation layer of passivated GaAs surface has good stability.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093C (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548828
In this paper, a terahertz absorber based on monolayer graphene is proposed. This absorber consists of a monolayer graphene and a micro-nano structure which is composed of a gold layer and silicon dioxide-silicon layer. The combination of the monolayer graphene and the simple micro-nano structure makes this absorber easy to fabrication in engineering. The introduction of the monolayer graphene also enhances the coherent superposition of incident and reflected light and results in a significant increase in the absorption of this proposed absorber. The absorber can achieve perfect absorption. When the thicknesses of gold, silicon dioxide and silicon are set to 5 um, 5.4 um, 2.3 um respectively, at the same time the incident wave is normal incidence, the maximum absorption at the absorption frequency of 5.605 THz is 0.997 and the full width at half maximum is 2.22 THz. In addition, the absorber has polarization independent and large angle absorption characteristics due to its highly symmetrical structure. These advantages make it has a great application prospect in the fields of photoelectric detection, photoelectric modulation and solar cells.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093D (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548832
In order to obtain high contrast and resolution images, in-focus [14] image should be collected by microscope. Though, traditional autofocusing method can determine the in-focus position, it is time consuming and requires difficult manual operations. In our previous works, we have proposed wavefront sensing based autofocusing method. Three multi-focal images are captured and the wavefront in the central position is calculated. Then, with wavefront propagation, multiple intensities at different focal planes can be computed, and the in-focus position can be determined according to the infocus criterion as Tamura coefficient. This method only needs few image recordings and is rapid, it still requires heavy computational load in wavefront propagation, limiting its application in fast conditions. In this conference paper, we improve the our previously proposed wavefront sensing based autofocusing method [15] using graphics processing unit [13], field of view reduction and down-sampling, which can efficiently accelerate the wavefront sensing based autofocusing speed. According to the advantages as fast speed, high accuracy and easy operation, the wavefront sensing based autofocusing method can be future applied in microscopy.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093E (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548833
Single molecule fluorescence detecting technique often has extremely high accuracy and sensitivity, thus it is often adopted in biomedicine detection, pollutant monitoring and chemical analysis. However, traditional single molecule fluorescence detecting devices often suffer from huge sizes and expensive costs, inevitably limiting their applications especially in on-site detections. In order to extend its application scope, we design a single molecule fluorescence imaging device (smFID), in which a laser is tilted illuminated on the sample chip, and a micro-objective is used for fluorescence signal collection, moreover, a smartphone with a filter is adopted to record the fluorescence images. According to the system design, smFID can reach a wide field of view of 1.5mm2, a high resolution of 2.2 μm and signal to noise ratio of ~22dB. Additionally, smFID is implemented in single molecule detection combining with the magnetic bead system, and its sensitivity can reach 1 nM and its detection range is wide from 1 nM to 1 μM, which are much better than traditional chemical and optical methods. Considering smFID can be used for single molecule testing with compact configuration, fast speed, high sensitivity and accuracy, it is a favorable device potentially used in on-site single molecule sensing and imaging fields.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093F (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548834
Transport of intensity phase microscopy (TIPM) can obtain sample phase images with commercial microscope and simple procedures; however, it requires multi-focal images limiting its real-time detection capability. In order to achieve dynamics of the live cells, we adopted dual-view TIPM which simultaneously captures under- and over-focus images for phase retrieval. In dual-view TIPM, two identify CMOS cameras were first set on the binocular tube of the microscope with different focal position of 3 mm difference to simultaneously capture both the under- and over-focus images. Afterwards, scaling, rotation and shifting are all corrected to maintain the same fields of view of under- and over-focus images. Next, the cellular phase can be extracted by solving the Poisson equation. The dual-view TIPM was finally adopted in live cell imaging, proving the dual-view TIPM can obtain real-time quantitative cellular phase imaging.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093G (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548837
A non-uniform QAM OFDM modulation system based on probabilistic shaping (PS) and geometric shaping (GS) is proposed in this paper, which can effectively resist the interference among signal waveforms and improve spectrum utilization and channel capacity. First, Huffman coding is used in the scheme for probability shaping to reduce the average energy of the signal. Uniform 16QAM is adjusted to non-uniform 12QAM and uniform 32QAM is adjusted to non-uniform 12QAM. Then geometric shaping is applied. Taking generalized mutual information (GMI) as the objective function, pairwise optimization (PO) algorithm is applied to continuously adjust the constellation. Finally, the coordinate point with the largest mutual information is obtained. The simulation results show the performance of non-uniform 12QAM and non-uniform 24QAM under different conditions, we obtain the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with generalized mutual information curve, signal-to-noise ratio with bit error rate (BER) curve under different QAM modulation formats and the bit error rate with the different length of the fiber under different transmission modes. The results show that the proposed non-uniform 12QAM-GS-OFDM has a gain of 0.02 bit/symbol over 12QAM-OFDM, the proposed non-uniform 24QAM-GS-OFDM has a gain of 0.02 bit/symbol over 24QAM-OFDM.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093H (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548844
An in-line fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on twin-hole fiber for humidity sensing was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The twin-hole fiber was filled in black phosphorus (BP) by capillary absorption method, and then was sandwiched in between two single mode fibers (SMFs) to form intermodal interference. Utilizing the sensitivity of BP to ambient humidity, the MI could realize humidity measurement. Experiment results reveal that the interference intensity changes in the RH range of 20-80%RH, and the sensitivity was -0.028 dB/%RH. This sensor has great potential for application in chemical and biology fields.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093I (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548846
In this paper, a new idea is put forward under the background that static high voltage DC power is commonly used to replace lightning in the femtosecond laser-guided lightning simulation experiment. We use a single chip microcomputer as the controller to generate controllable Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) wave signal,then through PWM control high voltage.So controllable high voltage in the femtosecond laser-guided lightning simulation experiment is formed by the method of weak voltage(namely PWM) controlling high voltage. In the experiment, the period and duty ratio of PWM output by the single-chip microcomputer are indirectly controlled by controlling the internal timer counter A, optocoupler and SCR are used as the safe isolation module between high and weak voltage. The experimental results show that the controllable high voltage in the femtosecond laser-induced high voltage discharge experiment can be easily and effectively obtained by adding a controller to control. At the same time, it can help us to analyze the influence of the different high voltages on the experimental parameters of femtosecond laser guided high voltage discharge.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093J (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548897
The detection of rail surface defects is of great significance for railway safety. To detect the rail surface defect, the laserinduced ultrasonic rail propagation model is established by the finite element method. The intrinsic relationship between the defect depth, of the defect on rail surface and the acoustic surface wave is investigated by discussing the variation of the reflected wave and the transmitted wave both in the time and frequency domain, respectively. Quantitative evaluation of defect depth is given based on the energy of the reflected and transmitted wave, which providing a promising theoretical way for the estimation of the rail surface defect feature.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093K (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548901
In this work, we employed a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) mirror as the scanner to reduce the size of the opto-acuostic-fludic system. To evaluate the performance of this system, we imaged flowing droplets generated by Tjunction and flow focusing configurations. The results demonstrate the feasibility of this method in the study of droplet formation dynamics. We also imaged flowing magnetic microspheres to verify the influence of magnetic field. In the end, cancer cells were successfully detected in the microchannel to demonstrate the potential of this method in clinical applications.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093L (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548903
Photoacoustic Imaging (PAI) is an emerging non-ionizing and non-invasive biomedical imaging method in the past few years. PAI can effectively obtain both structural and functional information of bio-tissues, providing an important method for studying the morphological structure and physiological characteristics of bio-tissues, especially suitable for early-stage cancer diagnosis. As one important subtype of PAI, optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (ORPAM) has the advantages of high spatial resolution and imaging contrast. ORPAM has been proved to be an effective and powerful method in hemodynamic and micro-circulation studies. However, due to the low scanning speed over a large field of view (FOV), the application of existing ORPAM systems has been greatly limited. In order to overcome these limitations, we report an ultrafast ORPAM (U-ORPAM) system in this research. By combining our novel rotary scanning protocol with a 200 kHz ultrafast pulsed laser, U-ORPAM has the ability to image an 8-mm-diameter FOV in 5 seconds. Both phantom and in vivo experiments were carried out to demonstrate the performance of the image system. These results indicate that U-ORPAM has equivalent imaging qualities with other ORPAM systems with a much higher imaging speed. These advantages make U-ORPAM a promising tool for the investigation of rapid hemodynamic research and clinical biomedical research.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093M (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548905
Due to the large number of points in the point cloud, the complexity of registration is quite high. To solve this problem, a registration method based on backpropagation (BP) neural network and random sphere cover set (RSCS) is proposed in this study. For the two point clouds to be registered, each is simplified based on the BP neural network. In order to avoid losing a large number of key points in the simplification process, a fixed RSCS algorithm is used for each point cloud to replace the key points with the super-point (SP) sets, and then the SP sets are combined with the simplified data. The iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm is used for fine registration. The point cloud is simplified by BP neural network and fixed RSCS, which reduce the number of points for the subsequent fine registration. Therefore, the time and space complexity can be effectively reduced. Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively improves the computational efficiency while maintaining almost the same precision details, which is of great significance for the registration of point clouds with a large number of points.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093N (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548911
Image segmentation is the most fundamental part of computer vision, which is the foundation of all other methods of image processing. The quality of image segmentation technology will affect the subsequent processing considerably. Comparing with traditional image segmentation algorithms, image segmentation algorithm based on deep learning is constantly proposed, with high performance and efficiency. But there is also a lot of room for improvement. For example, key parts such as fastening bolt are usually small in size, polluted and covered, and do not have enough characteristic information, so it is difficult to obtain satisfactory results. These factors affect the accuracy of the test, which is easy to cause serious accidents. As traditional methods sometimes cannot meet the requirement of high-accuracy result, deep learning play a particularly important role in facing those problems. To solve the problem that traditional object recognition methods are not robust enough to extract image features, parts recognition accuracy is low, and segmentation is not possible, we have made some modifications based on Mask R-CNN. In this method, convolutional neural network is used to extract features from part images. Then we use some annotated images from dataset to fine-tuned Mask R-CNN network to guarantee the accuracy. At the same time, data enhancement and k-folding cross-validation are carried out to improve the robustness of the model. Finally, the result of part recognition and segmentation by building the experimental platform proves the significance of the method.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093O (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548914
High resolution observation of celestial objects has always been the goal of optical interferometry. In this paper, we concentrated on two aspects of image reconstruction for Fizeau interferometric telescope. 1. The influence of piston error on imaging quality was studied, which provides a basis for the technical specifications of telescopes. 2. We proposed to use speckle imaging technology in interferometric telescopes, this method can reduce the effect of atmospheric turbulence on the resolution. In summary, a method combining denoising algorithm and speckle imaging technology is used to suppress noise, remove turbulence and reconstruct high-resolution images of real objects. The simulation results show that speckle imaging technology is also applicable to the interferometric telescope, and got good image reconstruction effect. The research results can be further extended to other mosaic telescopes.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093P (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548920
Microwave photonic filter is one of the key technologies of microwave photonics. Its main purpose is to replace the traditional method to process radio frequency signal, modulate optical carrier by radio frequency signal, and process it directly in the optical domain. The advantage of FIR microwave photonic filter is that it has no system poles and is more stable. It guarantees linear phase, which is very important in signal processing. In this paper, the incoherent microwave photon sensor cascaded by FBG is verified experimentally. In the experiment, three FBG wavelengths are 1530 nm, 1550.12nm and 1539.5nm respectively to form a high-order FIR microwave photon filter, two 3dB couplers and three km fibers to form an unbalanced M-Z interferometer. The incoherent light generated by EDFA is modulated by a filter electro-optic modulator through an optical fiber Bragg grating, demodulated by an M-Z interferometer, and eventually received by a photodetector. In the experiment, 60 MHz near notch is chosen as the modulation frequency, the amplitude of modulation signal is 4 Vpp, the temperature range is 30-40°C with the temperature interval of 1°C. The sensitivities of 0.2219dBm/°Care obtained by processing the average values of 3 points, 5 points, 7 points, 10 points and 15 points.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093Q (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548922
Hypertension and other cardio-cerebrovascular diseases seriously endanger human life and health. Pulse wave and blood flow are the main parameters reflecting blood pressure and other physiological and pathological conditions of cardiovascular system . Fast diffusion correlation spectroscopy (fast DCS) based on software correlator is constructed on the basis of the traditional diffusion correlation spectroscopy (DCS), which greatly improves the sampling frequency of blood flow. Compared with the traditional DCS frequency of 2-3 Hz, the sampling frequency of fast DCS is as high as 30 Hz, so that the corresponding pulse wave information can be obtained while realizing the fast measurement of blood flow. In this paper, we employed two complimentary methods to measure blood flow and pulse wave from one healthy subjects: fast DCS and color doppler ultrasound (CDUs). Measures of blood flow derived using fast DCS and CDUs due to an arterial occlusion were well correlated (R=0.7218, p< 0.01). This study supports that fast DCS can quickly and accurately measure the main parameters of physiological and pathological conditions of cardiovascular system such as pulse wave and blood flow, and provides a convenient and rapid method for providing good diagnosis and treatment evaluation for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093R (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548955
We synthesize the Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) by a co‐precipitation method and embed them into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film to fabricate the filmy sample. Then we study the third-order nonlinear optical properties of Fe2O3 NPs in the form of Fe2O3-PVA film, adopting the fs I-scan technique. TPA β=3.44×10-5m/W and self-focusing γ=3.78×10-11m2 /W of Fe2O3 NPs are obtained at 800nm under 35fs pulse excitation. Both the nonlinear absorption and refraction are stronger than these reported previously, indicating this material is a good candidate for all-optical switching, photonic and optoelectronic applications in the future.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093S (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548958
Tumor progression and metastasis are often accompanied by the changes in the biomechanical properties of tumor tissues. In this study, the relationship between the pathological classification of different prostate tumor tissues and their biomechanical properties was investigated by atomic force microscopy. The results showed that higher pathological grade of prostate tumor tissues had lower elasticity and viscosity. Compared with traditional pathological analysis, the biomechanical characteristics of tumor tissues obtained by atomic force microscopy could offer a new index for fast clinic diagnosis and differentiation of tumor tissue. It can be used to assist in the assessment of Gleason scores of the gold standard for prostate cancer grading for radical prostatectomy.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093T (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548960
Ovarian cancer has become the most lethal of gynecological diseases as metastatic potentials with high incidence. The progression of tumor cells is accompanied with the alterations in cellular surface micro-nano structure. The characteristics of cellular surface structures and function in different states could be probed in micro-nano scale using atomic force microscopy (AFM) at single living cell. In this study, we compared the cell surface morphology and plasma membrane roughness of different ovarian cell lines, including normal cell lines HOSEpiC and cancerous cell lines HO-8910. The results show that ovarian cancerous cells HO-8910 exhibit multiple-angle or other irregular shape, while normal cells HOSEpiC have an elliptical or a long spindle-like shape. Ovarian cancerous cells show more disordered actin cytoskeleton structure with increased roughness compare to normal cells, indicating that the roughness of cell surface can be an effective indicator to differentiate the disease state of cells. The micro-nanostructure of cell surface can provide an index for the procession or state of tumor development at single cell level.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093U (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548967
A probabilistic shaping 64QAM scheme based on multilevel coded modulation is proposed, which combines the advantages of multilevel coded modulation and probabilistic shaping. The scheme combines several encoders with common rates through multilevel coded modulation. It can realize codewords with multiple code rates and save cost effectively. A simulation system is established to verify the performance of the proposed scheme. The results show that the proposed scheme requires lower SNR under the same BER while achieving higher code rate.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093V (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548979
A novel single-source double-heterodyne coherent detection high-speed moving target is presented. Under a limited detector bandwidth condition, the method inherits the characteristics of dual frequency laser coherent detection and transforms the Doppler shift of a high-speed moving target to low frequency using the beat frequency difference method. Compared with the traditional heterodyne detection system, the maximum speed detectable range of the system is greatly increased. The double-heterodyne mixing process is deduced, and the relationship between the beat frequency, detector bandwidth, and maximum detectable speed of the system is obtained through analysis. Thus, the beat frequency can be dynamically adjusted for the system to adapt to different measurement environments. Different signal components and speed information extraction methods of detectors under different motion speeds are analyzed. The feasibility of the method is verified through simulation. Moreover, the data acquisition is minimal, and the system has good real-time performance.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093W (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549101
In this paper, we investigate the indoor near-infrared optical wireless communication (OWC) systems with spatial diversity. Both repetition-coding (RC) and Alamouti-type space-time-block-coding (STBC) schemes are studied to reduce the impact of optical beam blockage in OWC links. Delay-tolerant RC technologies are also discussed to relax the synchronization requirement of transmitters, using the orthogonal filters based scheme or the recurrent neural network (RNN)-based decision scheme.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093X (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549148
Large-scale optical switching matrix is the core technology of automatically switched optical network. With the significant increase of the matrix size, the study showed that the nonlinear factors, such as the correlation of the wavelength, phase and polarization between the optical switches have major impacts for the system performance. Because the full-size optical simulation is not available now, the research will be a great significance that we establish an overall model with not only considering the performance of optical switch unit, but also reflecting the structural characteristics of the network.In this paper, we calculated the transmission field of 2×2 Mach –Zehnder(MZI) silica on silicon thermo optic(TO) switch with different structure by using the finite difference beam propagation method(BPM). On the basis of optimization design, we constructed and simulated the large-scale 16×16 MZI silicon-based SiO2 Silica on silicon thermo switching matrix. The results are: In TE Mode, for Crossbar and banyan structures, insertion losses are 13.35 dB and 4.3638 dB; crosstalk losses are 27.125~29.0173 dB and 42.2318-43.7159 dB; extinction ratios are 29.57 dB and 26.79 dB respectively.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093Y (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549173
Structural light measurement as a non-contact measurement method is commonly used in 3D shape detection, which can quickly acquire large-scale points cloud data of 3D surface with high precision. In the development of triangulation structural light sensors, the extraction of the light stripe centerline is the most important research point. Aiming at the problems of large error, high computational complexity and low data processing efficiency in the traditional maximum value based centerline extraction methods, a novel centerline extraction method based on actual light intensity distribution is proposed. Compared with the center line extraction method based on normal direction of light stripe, the discussed method is more suitable to describe the spatial characteristics of light stripe energy structure. It can greatly reduce the amount of calculation, improve processing speed and accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a practical case of structural light sensor development.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112093Z (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549190
According to the paraxial theory, we analyzed the linear momentum density and orbital angular momentum (OAM) the propagation characteristics of a Gaussian vortex beam in free space. The propagation characteristics are simulated and analyzed in the visualization. Further, we study the variation of the propagation characteristics with different topological charges. In addition, we also analyzed the position of momentum in the transverse profile, where the momentum density of the spot will be broadened with propagation distance. This study can provide guidance for using vortex beams in optical communication and manipulation.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120940 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549219
Plasmon-induced hot electrons have attracted a great deal of interest as a novel route for photodetection and light energy harvesting. In this work, we investigate the plasmonic properties of AuSi as a novel plasmonic material for hot-electron infrared photodetection. Calculation by the Bruggeman’s theory shows that the plasma frequency is red-shifted with decreasing gold filling ratio. A plasmonic nanostructure with a periodic grating is then designed for surface plasmon excitation. The absorbance by AuSi can reach 0.87 at a wavelength of 2000nm due to the surface plasmon resonance on metal stripes. The AuSi nano-antenna array is adopted to improve the absorbance up to 95% with polarization independence. AuSi possesses much lower free electron concentration than Au, and thus longer mean free path of hot electrons. With adjustable Schottky barrier, the proposed AuSi-Si hot electron detector may have potential in fields of silicon-based integrated photonics and infrared imaging.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120941 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549225
A three-dimensional (3D) polarimetric tracking model is proposed to calculate scattering interactions between light and media, where a 9×1 coherency or Stokes vector is used to represent the scattered 3D polarized light. Compared with the present Monte Carlo program, this model not only address the continuous rotations problem of the reference plane at least 2 to 3 times, but also realizes the statistics tracking of 3D vibration distribution (i.e., 3D polarization state) for the scattered light in real time. In this paper, we introduce two 3D cartesian coordinate systems: a global coordinate system of an entire scattering environment, and a local coordinate system of a scattering event. Within the proposed 3D polarimetric tracking model, the polarization transformation effect (PTE) related to every scattering event is preciously tracked in corresponding local coordinate system, and the calculated 3D PTE has a 9×9 coherency transformation matrix or Mueller matrix mathematically. Importantly, by utilizing only one rotation of coordinate system, the final 3D polarization transformation effect of an entire scattering environment can be uniquely determined by successive multiplication of all 9×9 matrices characterizing scattering events. The study can be widely applied in several applications of biomimetic polarization navigation, remote sensing, marine surveillance and environmental security to preciously quality the PTE of multitudinous scattering environments.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120942 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549257
We report a dual-band perfect absorber based on nanodisk array for sensing application in the visible region. Due to the excitation of the magnetic resonance mode, a narrow band absorption peak appears and the absorption rate is greater than 99.9%. The other is due to the excitation of local surface plasmon resonance mode, exhibiting broadband absorption characteristics, and the absorption value is greater than 80%. This structure has a wide angular range absorption characteristic. Finally, we calculated the sensing performance of the structure with refractive index ranging from 1.33 to 1.37. The refractive index sensitivity is 250 nm/RIU and 170 nm/RIU. Therefore, our research provides an important theoretical guidance for narrow-band absorption in the visible region for sensing measurements. This has important application prospects in imaging, sensing and optoelectronic devices.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120943 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549294
A range-gated laser active imaging controlling system based on ARM+FPGA architecture was designed. In the system, a visual control program was programmed based on ARM to enable users to set control parameters, work mode and watch the result image in time; a high precision synchronous control board based on FPGA was designed to synchronize the semiconductor pulse laser, ICCD camera and other modules precisely. Control parameters and result were exchanged between ARM and FPGA in time. Experiment was done using this system to get target plates’ range-gated images in door, 5ns image gate was achieved. The experimental results show that the system designed has many advantages such as having friendly user interface, integrity function and low-power.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120944 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549427
We have proposed a novel gate-controlled lateral thyristor (GC-LT) and a pixel circuit featuring intrinsic high dynamic range by multi-mode operation. The novel gate-controlled lateral thyristor structure with high sensitivity for weak light is designed. A cooperative pixel circuit is proposed to establish multi-sampling modes. Experimental results show that the gate-controlled lateral thyristor has high sensitivity for weak-light since the minimum distinguishable signal is as low as 1×10-9W/cm2 due to the cycle amplification between cross-coupled bipolar transistors inside the detector. In addition, more than four orders of light intensity from 10-6 to 10-2W/cm2 can be detected by linear mode and logarithmic mode. A high dynamic range more than 140dB are achieved using the pixel circuit by multi-mode operation.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120945 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549452
Gold nanorods have special optical properties, good biological compatibility and easy preparation, making them have broad application prospects in drug carriers and medical imaging. In this paper, the two photon luminescence of silica modified gold nanorods incubated with different subtypes of breast cancer cells was observed. We demonstrate the effects of different subtypes breast cancer cells on cellular uptake of gold nanorods. And The results show that significant decreases internalization of gold nanorods with the presence of fetal bovine serum protein in cell culture. Two-photon imaging revealed that cellular uptake of gold nanorods was affected by serum and subtypes of cells, and movement of gold nanorods in the cells was observed. Our findings can provide useful information for medical imaging of gold nanorods in biomedical application.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120946 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549489
Genetic algorithm (GA) is a commonly used algorithm in optical network routing and wavelength assignment (RWA). In order to adapt to the development trend of next-generation software-defined optical network (SDON) with higher speed, wideband, long distance and large capacity, this paper proposes a dynamic, improved GA-based RWA algorithm which reduces the complexity of the algorithm and improves the performance of the algorithm. The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the blocking rate and improve resources utilization rate in SDON compared with the classical algorithm and GA.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120947 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549499
Trains are an important means of transportation in China. With the popularity and speed increasement of trains, safety issues have received wide attention. The daily safety inspection of high-speed trains becomes crucial, the abnormal target detection for key component that is at the bottom of the train is an important part. Most of alarms which detected by machine vision based on global comparison method are false, thus, it cannot effectively monitor the key component. In this paper, the digital image processing technology is adopted to detect abnormal targets of the three key components, the steeve, the shaft cabinet and the core plate, and an algorithm is presented to detect these components of different types. The key component images are extracted from the train image by template matching. Traditional template matching method is often failed due to the strong reflection happened in the process of train bottom imaging. Therefore, the matching method based on structural similarity is proposed, which greatly improves matching accuracy. Finally, the abnormal target detection of three different key components of locomotive is realized by edge detection, shape detection and contour matching.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120948 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549517
This paper proposed a genetic algorithm to reduce the dead zone of indoor visible light communication by optimizing lamps distribution. There are some rooms in different states are taken into account in this paper, including the fraises or windows in the room. Besides that, the lighting requirement of the room is also influencing the lighting source layout. By the efforts of genetic algorithm, the effective area ratio can achieve 97.28% in an empty room, or 91.04% in the room with ambient light noise. In the room with fraises, the effective area ratio is between 94.85% to 95.71%. It can be demonstrated by experiments that the genetic algorithm can meet the requirement of optimized the lighting infrastructure design in a dynamic environment.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120949 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549522
The mortality rate of gastric cancer ranks second in the world. The prognosis of early gastric cancer is good, while the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer is poor. Therefore, early diagnosis of gastric cancer is the key to determining the prognosis of patients. Traditional pathological analysis takes a long time, and the results may have some subjectivity and randomness. Therefore, we propose a method for distinguishing normal and early gastric cancer sites by multiphoton microscopy combined with acridine orange rapid staining. The experimental results confirmed that multiphoton microscopy combined with acridine orange staining can effectively describe the normal microstructure of the human gastric mucosa,and these results laid the experimental foundation for the establishment of clinical diagnostic criteria for gastric cancer.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094A (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549530
The structural characteristics of bile duct tissue can indirectly reflect the physiological function of the bile duct, so understanding the pathological process of bile duct tissue can improve the prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. However, the existing technology cannot accurately and quickly determine the stage of the bile duct tissue lesion, which will have a certain impact on the treatment. In this study, normal bile ducts, inflammatory bile ducts, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were distinguished using label-free multiphoton microscopy (MPM). The experimental results show that high-resolution images can clearly distinguish normal bile duct, inflammatory bile duct and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma through cell morphology and tissue structure. Therefore, MPM can be used as an effective optical tool for the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in unstained histological sections. It is expected in the future that MPM can play a greater role in the clinic.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094B (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549538
Plasmonic nanoparticles have been widely used as substrates in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) due to their unique optical properties known as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). In recent years, these nanomaterials have attracted much attention for their applications in chemical sensing, biosensing and imaging. In this study, we have synthesized Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles with 1,4-benzenedithiol (1,4-BDT) sandwiched in between the Au-Ag gap of the core-shell structure, where the Raman signal from the 1,4-BDT molecules were greatly enhanced. This gap- enhanced Raman scattering signal was then used as an internal reference Raman signal. For this structure, detailed parameters, such as the core size and shape, shell thickness, were studied and optimized. Our results showed that the Raman intensity of 1,4-BDT would first increase to a maximum with the increasement in the thickness of the silver shell, while further increasement in the shell thickness would cause the SERS intensity to drop. We have then optimized the Raman tagged Au@Ag core-shell structure to obtain a probe with a stable reference Raman signal. These probes were then used for the trace detection of the pesticide of thiram through SERS. Using the reference peaks from 1,4-BDT, quantitative measurements of thiram were obtained with good linearity and reproducibility. Furthermore, due to the enhancement of the SERS effect, our probes were able to detect the pesticide at a low level of ~10-7 M at 559 cm-1 . In addition, combining the optimized core-shell Au@Ag nanoparticles and other metallic nanostructures would further enhance the detection sensitivity. These results show that SERS based on Au@1,4-BDT@Ag nanostructures could be a promising tool for chemical trace analysis.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094C (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549564
The brain experiences alterations including cerebral ischemia and tissue damage after focal ischemic stroke. A thorough understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of blood perfusion and tissue damage is of great importance in stroke research. In chronic rat photothrombotic (PT) stroke model, a parallel study of both vascular and cellular responses to regional ischemia was performed with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in a label-free and depth-resolved manner. OCT revealed that vessels of different types and depth presented various spatial and temporal dynamics. In the ischemic core area, the distal middle cerebral arteries (dMCAs) were blocked gradually with laser irradiation and a spontaneous recanalization was observed at Day 5. In the chronic recovery period, the blocked small pial microvessels presented an apparent neovascularization progressing from the peripheral into the core area, with the final blood flow volume exceeding the baseline before PT. While the cortical capillary perfusion of the core area totally disappeared at Day 3 after PT and never recovered in the core area till the end of observation. The results demonstrated that blood reperfusion mainly occurred in the dMCAs vessels and pial microvessels of the superficial layer, but not in capillaries located deep in the cortex. The response of the cellular scattering and tissue damage showed a high spatial and temporal correlation with the capillary perfusion. On the whole, ischemic area and lesion area from attenuation coefficient are not exactly the same but complentary, with great help in understanding stroke mechanism comprehensively.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094D (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549571
Recently, convolution neural network (CNN) has been widely used in single image super-resolution (SR). However, the traditional network structure has the problems of fewer convolution layers and slow convergence speed. In this paper, an image super-resolution method based on deep residual network is proposed. Through the deepening of the network structure, more receptive fields are obtained. Thus, more pixel information is utilized to improve the reconstruction accuracy of the model. The feature extraction process is carried out directly in low resolution space, and the images are sampled by shuffling the pixels at the end of the network. The learning method combining global residual and local residual is used to improve the convergence speed of the network while recovering the high-frequency details of the images. In order to make full use of image feature information, feature maps extracted from different residual blocks are fused. In addition, parametric rectified linear unit (PReLU) is used as the activation function, and the Adam optimization method is used to further improve the reconstruction effect. The experimental results of benchmark datasets show that the proposed method is superior to other methods in subjective visual effects and objective evaluation indicators.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094E (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549589
With the continuous development of ultrashort pulsed laser technology, the generation of relativistic electron beams and high-energy proton beams driven by the interaction between the ultra-strong laser and anisotropic plasma and the electromagnetic instability induced by them in high-density plasma. The physical process mechanism of heat transport, self-generated magnetic field and other phenomena has always been the focus of people's research. These problems are not only because of their important application value in inertial confinement fusion, but also in the fields of laser proton acceleration and new radiation sources. In this paper, the relationship between the self-generated magnetic field and magnetic field energy generated by the interaction between the ultrashort pulsed intense laser, and anisotropic plasma with the spatial anisotropy parameters of plasma particle velocity is studied by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Numerical simulation results are shown that the greater the spatial anisotropy of ion particle velocity, the closer the growth rate of spontaneous magnetic field is to the nonlinear saturation state with the increase of anisotropy. These numerical simulation results promote the development of self-generated magnetic field theory and numerical simulation. At the same time, it is confirmed that a large number of theoretical and numerical simulations predicted that the ultra-short pulsed intense laser interacts with high-density plasma to generate a quasi-static autogenous magnetic field of hundreds of mega-Gauss.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094F (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549593
In this study, a portable and automatic immunoturbidimetric assay system based on multi-layered centrifugal microfluidics was developed for specific proteins identification from whole blood. With the development of society and medical technology, more and more immune system diseases have been noticed by people. Immune dysfunction in the human body can cause many immune system diseases. Therefore, the detection of specific proteins closely related to immune system diseases has been increasingly favored and paid more attention by medical and scientific researchers. However, for most automated biochemical analyzers, pretreatment and diagnosis process are separated, cannot provide a sample-to-answer solution. To solve this problem, we proposed a highly-integrated system which enables real-time sedimentation of blood cells by centrifugation and quantitative extraction of purified plasma by siphon valve. Also, it has calibration system of standard curves, as well as integrated optical detection device, leading to smaller error fluctuations. As a demonstration experiment, quantification of Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in human whole blood with our LOAD system was conducted. Calibrator sets with specified concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 6 g/L were first generated in real time on the chip. Then standard curves used for IgA quantitation were created. Our LOAD system was demonstrated to have good accuracy and high repeatability since the experimental results of IgA obtained from the LOAD system correlated very well with those from the standard automatic biochemical analyzer method. Furthermore, the LOAD system could conduct simultaneous detection of various specific proteins in the later stage.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094G (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549618
Mode-locked lasers emitting ultrashort pulses in the 2-μm spectral range at high (100-MHz) repetition rates offer unique opportunities for time-resolved molecular spectroscopy and are interesting as pump/seed sources for parametric frequency down-conversion and as seeders of ultrafast regenerative laser amplifiers. Passively mode-locked lasers based on Tm3+- and Ho3+-doped bulk solid-state materials have been under development for about a decade. In 2009 we demonstrated the first steady-state operation of such a Tm:KLu(WO4)2 laser using a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) saturable absorber (SA), generating 10-ps pulses at 1.95 μm. In 2012 this laser produced 141-fs pulses at 2.037 μm. More recently, the study of numerous active media with different SAs resulted in the generation of sub-100-fs (sub-10-optical-cycle) pulses. Materials with broad and smooth spectral gain profile were selected, naturally emitting above 2 μm to avoid water vapor absorption/dispersion effects, including anisotropic materials, strong crystal-field distortion in hosts that do not contain rare-earths, crystals with structural or compositional (i.e. mixed compounds) disorder that exhibit inhomogeneous line broadening, mixed laser ceramics, and Tm,Ho-codoping of ordered and disordered crystals and ceramics. A broad absorption band in semiconducting SWCNTs spans from 1.6 to 2.1-μm whereas the absorption of graphene extends into the mid-IR and scales for multilayers, increasing the modulation depth. Compared to GaSb-based semiconductor SA mirrors (SESAMs), the carbon nanostructures exhibit broader spectral response and can be fabricated by simpler and inexpensive techniques. Chirped mirrors were implemented for groupvelocity dispersion compensation, to generate the shortest pulses, down to 52 fs at 2.015 μm.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094H (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549856
Resonantor Integrated Optic Gyro (RIOG) is a type of high-accuracy gyroscope based on the Sagnac effect. The shape of the resonance curve determines the limited sensitivity of RIOG. Any asymmetry of the resonance curve will not only induce a bias error into the gyro output, but also decrease the frequency discrimination coefficient of the demodulation curve. The differential nomal mode loss is suspected to be the major noise induces the resonance curve asymmetry. In this paper, the normal mode effect is fully investigated and the conclusions are verified by Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulation software. Two kinds of asymmetry resonance line shape were found in experiment. Analysis shows that the bending direction of the resonance curve is related to the sidewall roughness between coupler inside and outside, and the resonance asymmetry ratio is linearly proportional to the two nomal modes throughput difference.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094I (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549861
Talbot effect is one of the most basic optical phenomena that has received extensive investigations both because it is a fundamental Fresnel diffraction effect and also because of its wide applications. As one of the most important applications of fractional Talbot effect, Talbot array illuminators have been in-depth studied since Lohmann and Thomas put forward for the first time. Talbot array illuminator has become an important optical element that has wide applications in optical interconnection, optical communication and optical computing because of its high diffraction efficiency, simple optical structure, compactness and low-cost. Researches have proposed different one-dimensional and two-dimensional Talbot array illuminators and developed mathematical equations to calculate pure-phase distributions. In this paper, we presented a two-dimensional Talbot array illuminator based on a pure phase grating with phase modulation (0, π/2). Theoretical analysis proved that the Talbot array illuminator with a compression ratio of 2 can be realized by Fresnel diffraction theory of a grating. In experiment, the two-dimensional chessboard-like binary phase grating was fabricated through the photoresist onto an optical glass substrate with an index of refraction of 1.52 at a wavelength of 632.8nm by using of the traditional binary-optics fabrication methods. Experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. We believed that the proposed Talbot array illuminator should be interesting for practical applications.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094J (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549870
In this paper, we have developed an automated multi-parameter measuring system of arbitrary wave plate base on spectral interference theory, which can accurately extract multi-parameter of a wave plate, including the apparent retardation, absolute retardation values at a wide spectral range, the order, and the physical thickness of a wave plate. By using algorithm coded by MATLAB program, the multi-parameter of the wave plate can be automatically obtained from measured data of a double beam spectrophotometer. The theoretical analysis indicates that the proposed technique has no strict requirement for the directions of transmission axes of the polarizer and the analyzer, the fast axis of the wave plate, the retardation of the wave plate and the materials dispersion properties of the wave plate. Experimental results prove that the method has some advantages, such as high measurement accuracy, simple extraction algorithm, high data utilization, high measurement efficiency and high misalignment tolerance.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094K (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549883
We propose a polarization insensitive multimode interference coupler (MMI) design for optical 90° hybrid. The 90° hybrid used in coherent receiver application is based on the Indium Phosphorus (InP) platform, which can realize monolithic integration with detectors. By using the three dimension beam propagation method, a 90° hybrid based on a polarization insensitive MMI has been designed and optimized. We find that there is an ideal interference length for both transverse electric (TE) mode and transverse magnetic (TM) mode in this structure. Using the designed 90° hybrid, we demonstrate the common mode rejection ratios for in-phase channels and quadrature channels better than -20 dB and the phase errors better than ±3° in an ideal interference length range. The phase errors of the I-channel and Q-channel less than ±4° when the interference length is 480μm across the C band (1535-1560 nm).
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094L (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549912
An amplitude-phase precode method that based on a high speed ROF-MIMO system is proposed to solve the distortion problem due to the features of optical devices and link damages. This method uses the digital predistortion algorithm model,which is based on Weierstrass theorem. This could precompensation to the ROF links and reduce the influence of nonlinear characteristics of optical devices such as erbium-doped fiber amplifiers on system signal transmission, and solve the sensitivity of QAM, OFDM and other non-constant envelope modulation signals to system distortion. Then the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) precoding method is used to optimize the spatial characteristics of the MIMO transmission signal to solve the signal interference problem, so as to reduce the bit error rate of the system and reduce the complexity of digital signal processing at the user terminal. The simulation results show that the bit error rate (BER) performance of ROF system with the proposed amplitude-phase precode method is lower than 4*10-4 during the transmitting 10 Gb/s 16QAM-OFDM signal in 20km standard single model fiber. The proposed scheme has the obvious lower bit error rate than the non-precode high speed ROF-MIMO system. Therefore, the proposed scheme improves the base station and antenna array coverage, at same time, reduce the complexity of terminal unit and increase the stability of the system transmission.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094M (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549917
Black phosphorus (BP), an emerging 2D semiconductor, bridges the energy band gap between the zero-band gap graphene and large band gaptransition metal dichalcogenides owing to its size-dependent tunable band gap. In the past few years, significant progress has been made in the structure design, growth and optical properties of BP, yet studies on the size-related nonlinear optical performance need to be carried out. To investigate the correlation between size and the nonlinear optical response, we prepared BP nanosheets and quantum dots via thermochemical method, which are determined by experimental measurements of TEM characterization. The nonlinear optical absorption of BP are enhanced 16.6 times with the size decrease, which might be attributed to the photoinduced dipole moment. Tuning the size of BP nanomaterials is a useful way to enhance the optical nonlinearity for potential applications in optical and optoelectric devices
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094N (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549918
Wafer surface defect detection plays an important role in product yield improvement. Particles are the main source in the majority of defects on wafer. We calculate and analyze the scattering field around the particles on the un-patterned wafer surface by light scattering method. A model was built to calculate an isolated particle based on Mie theory firstly, and another model was built to calculate particle scattering field on a smooth wafer surface based on Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF). We simulated the scattering field with different parameters set: incidence angle, polarization state and scattering angle channel. The results verify the feasibility of our method to calculate the scattering field.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094O (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549919
A three-dimensional profile measurement method based on digital photoelastic fringe analysis technology is proposed in this paper. According to the actual stress field of a disc under appropriate load, the photoelastic fringe patterns are generated. These patterns are illuminated on the reference plane and objects through a projector, which are regarded as the structured-light pattern sequence. Then a series of images including normal images and deformed fringe images are captured. These images contain two significant photoelastic parameters, isoclinic parameter and isochromatic parameter, which could be evaluated by the phase shifting method. Therefore, phase differences can be calculated by photoelastic isochromatic parameter after phase unwrapping. Depth information is carried in the phase differences and virtual 3D profile equal to real objects could be reconstructed. Experiments demonstrate that this method is robust and suitable for measuring objects with regular and general shape.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094P (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549922
A Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on seven-core fiber (SCF) and muti-mode fiber (MMF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The interferometer is fabricated by splicing a segment of SCF spliced with two MMFs. The SCF length and MMF length are 5cm and 1cm, respectively. When the broadband light is injected into the interferometer through a lead-in single mode fiber, a pronounced interference pattern appears in the transmission spectrum. By monitoring the wavelength and power shifts of interference dips, simultaneous measurement of strain and torsion can be achieved. The experimental results show that the wavelengths at interference dip have a blue shift with the increases of strain, but the wavelength does not respond to the torsion. The power sensitivities of the interference dip to the strain and torsion are sensitivities are 0.001dB /° and 0.16dB/°, respectively. The simultaneous measurement of strain and torsion is demonstrated based on the sensitive matrix. The proposed MZI exhibits the advantages of easy fabrication, low cost, and simultaneous measurement of strain and torsion, which will make a significant contribution to torsion measurement.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094Q (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549939
In this paper, an all-fiber novel fabricated Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on refractive index (RI) sensor is presented and simulated. This RI sensor is composed of a single-mode fiber (SMF) with a core diameter of 9 μm and a multimode fiber (MMF) with a core diameter of 105 μm. The microgroove can be etched by femtosecond laser or ground by grinding machine technology. It greatly reduces the limitations of structure fabrication. The RI response of this sensor is obtained by beam propagation method. In the range of 1.33-1.334 RIU, the RI sensitivity is -10373 nm/RIU and the linearity is 99.98% by wavelength demodulation. The intensity demodulation shows a nonlinear trend, and the sensitivity increases with the increase of RI . The maximum RI sensitivity is -9614 dB/RIU, and the fitting is 98.69%. The structure has the advantages of simple manufacture, high sensitivity and good linearity. It is very suitable for the practical applications of RI sensing with high sensitivity.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094R (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549941
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is a new type of flying work tool with the ability to execute tasks. Under strong electromagnetic interference, communication can be carried out by ultraviolet (UV) .Ultraviolet Communication was a communication mode used 200nm~280nm wavelength ultraviolet light as an information carrier. It has the advantage of all-weather operations, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication and strong anti- interference. When performing a mission, the UAV formation usually needs to form a fixed formation during the flight to ensure the stability of the link communication network. Moreover, due to the limited energy carried by the UAV, the energy consumption of UAV network should be reduced as much as possible on the basis of maintaining communication in order to maximize the flight time of UAV. The UAVs form persistent formation that need to know the location information of all the UAVs in the formation. When the GPS is not working properly, a kind of two dimensional (2D) localization algorithm which based on the wireless UV ranging method provides relative location information for the UAV formation. This paper proposes a persistent formation generation algorithm for the location information of UAVs that are not shared, the algorithm enables the UAV formation to generate a stable network topology with the least communication links and low energy consumption.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094S (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549945
The premise of completing the mission is the precise positioning between the internal machines of the bee colony formation, and the wireless solar blind ultraviolet communication is a stable and secret communication method in the harsh battlefield environment. The existing ultraviolet light localization methods are all based on ranging, but the Distance Measuring Equipment is usually not portable and consumes a lot of power when used, so it is not suitable for a single drone with a small size and limited carrying capacity. In this paper, a non-ranging wireless solar blind ultraviolet localization algorithm is proposed for the above problems. The communication model in the formation of drones is analyzed and proposed, using the received optical power between the drones in the formation, an estimate of the relative position between the drones is achieved. After calculation and analysis, the relative position information with less error can be provided by this method in the bee colony formation while using wireless ultraviolet communication.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094T (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549956
We reported experimental results on extending the filamentaion in fused silica with the temporally chirped femtosecond Bessel beams. The effect of the pulse chirp on the femtosecond filamentation with different pulse energies has been studied. The results show that the filamentation length is strongly influenced by the pulse energy and the chirp. Under our experiment condition, low enough pulse energies were used to avoid the damage of the fused silica. It is demonstrated that the filamentation length increases first and then reduces with the increase of the absolute value of the negative pulse chirp. There exists a negative chirp range where the filamentation length reaches a maximum and is relative stable for all cases of pulse energies under our experiment condition. However, when the positive chirp is applied, both the intensity and length of filamentation decrease with the increase of the positive chirp. In addition, both the negative and positive chirps do not affect the onset of the filamentation. On the other hand, we find that the greater the laser energy is, the longer the filamentation is. Furthermore, the extent of the filamentation extension is more obvious when a lower pulse energy is used. For higher energies, the filamentation has a more uniform intensity distribution. Therefore, the extension of the filamentation in fused silica with uniform intensity can be realized by adjusting the energy and temporally chirp of the laser pulse.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094U (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549963
Resonance frequency calculation of accelerometer based on equal strength cantilever beam by Rayleigh method has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The accelerometer is with a compact structure in which a short section of fiber stubs containing a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is attached on the bisector of a equal strength cantilever beam. By comprehensive considering the mass of beam and the mass of the block together, resonance frequency of different accelerometer can be calculated more precisely, compared with the experimental results the maximum relative error is 7.2% over the low frequency range from 20 to 45 Hz.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094V (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549964
In this paper, the hydrophobic plasma-activated bonding of GaAs/Si was studied. We systematically analyzed the effect of different power, gas flow rate and activation time of plasma to the roughness of GaAs and Si wafers. The roughness of GaAs wafers decreased with increasing of power and activation time of plasma. The roughness of Si wafers did not change significantly with increasing of power of plasma, and decreased first and then increased with increasing of gas flow rate of Ar in our experiment. The number of dangling bonds in the surface of GaAs and Si wafers was increasing with the activation time. When the activation time was 3 minutes, the GaAs/Si wafers were successfully bonded under different power of plasma. By scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) testing, it was found that when the power was 200W, the bonded GaAs/Si wafer had the best bonding interface. Furthermore, the GaAs/Si bonding internal mechanism by plasma-activated bonding method was analyzed by testing the chemical composition of the bonding interface.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094W (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549965
We report the quantum-enhanced metal target detection based on quantum illumination, and experimentally verified that quantum illumination still helps low-reflectivity target detection in photon loss scenarios. The results show that the signal-to-noise ratio and target recognition ability of the quantum detection system are more than 10 times stronger than those of the classical detection under the same thermal noise conditions. We believe that the photon-counting based QI protocol, for its robustness to noise and losses, has a huge potentiality to promote the usage of quantum correlated light in real environments.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094X (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549966
This paper proposes a method based on 3D version to recognize free-form objects in the complicated environment, which could be used in field of robot picking. The point cloud data is generated by binocular camera system. The depth map is employed to recover 3D point cloud of the scenario with the calibration method from the binocular camera. Segmentation algorithm is used to detect the object. Recognition is performed by using software libraries integrated with custom-developed segmentation algorithm and model database created by the same binocular camera system. Experiments are designed to verify the performance of the method by randomly placing different types of experimental objects in manipulator workspace. The preliminary results demonstrate the excellent ability of the system to perform object recognition and picking.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094Y (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549968
Multi-dimensional composite detection technology can realize the spectrum, polarization, intensity imaging three functions, effectively explore and observe the space target. This paper first introduces the current situation of spectrum, polarization and intensity imaging at home and abroad. On this basis, the idea of three-in-one solution of spectral polarization imaging is proposed, and it is believed that spectral polarization imaging detection technology will become the new technology direction of space target monitoring in China.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112094Z (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549971
We report a five-step processing algorithm for photon counting depth imaging under strong background noise environment, and experimentally verified that this method can realize single photon counting 3D imaging under signalto-noise ratio (SNR) less than 1. In order to accurately locate the target position when the ambient flux is high, a computational pile-up correction is performed to recover the underlying signal photons, then performing an adaptively full-pixel target position locating. After the target position is determined, the signal and noise photons are separated pixel-wisely using a cluster method. Pixels which have no arrival photons are filled by using the information from neighborhood. At last, by using total variation spatial regularization, the depth images are reconstructed accurately. To validate the proposed method, a single photon counting 3D imaging system is established and experiments at different noise levels are carried out. Experimental results show that accurate depth imaging can be reconstructed with the SNR as low as 0.41. This approach is suitable for depth imaging under high background noise and also very suitable for the noncooperative target imaging with no prior knowledge of the target distance for its adaptive range gating.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120950 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549972
This paper introduces a new portable platelet aggregation instrument based on optical transmittance measurement. The platelet-rich plasma is aggregated after adding trapping agent and leads to a transmittance enhancement. By analyzing the transmittance evolution curve, the platelet aggregation function can be obtained, which is helpful for doctors to do clinical diagnosis of thrombotic disease and make a prescription of drugs. The design of the optical module, the signal processing circuit, and the software are described in detail. After assembling the instrument, several tests of blood samples are carried out to verify its performance. The instrument is compact and easy to use, so it is potential for rapid detection or real-time monitoring.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120951 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549974
Femtosecond laser-induced air plasma can generate terahertz waves. The sawtooth-like asymmetric photoelectric field can be made by the superposition of three-color laser with appropriate amplitude ratio, frequency ratio and phase difference. Based on the transient photocurrent model and numerical simulation, it is found that intense terahertz waves can be generated by the sawtooth-like asymmetric photoelectric field with different frequency ratios of three-color femtosecond laser, such as 1:2:4 and 1:2:6. By investigating time-varying parameters, such as electron density, electron velocity and photocurrent density, it was further demonstrated that the shape of the asymmetric photoelectric field plays an important role in the formation of net photocurrent and the generation of terahertz waves. The investigation will be helpful to the development of key techniques on intense terahertz waves generated by laser-induced air plasma.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120952 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549975
We present a pattern watermarking framework for system that captures the 3D shape of face, in order to support face dependent applications e.g. face identification. As the face may move during the 3D capture, it is important that the shape is retrieved within as short a time as possible e.g. stereo, one-shot structured light. On the other hand, the face needs to be captured from multiple sides. In order to get a fast, full-face capture without compromised resolution on profile sides. We have devised a method to let multiple projectors and cameras work simultaneously. A projected pattern in combination with a camera allows for a structured light approach. This is beneficial, given the weakly textured surfaces we are dealing with. Yet, where projection patterns overlap, our system automatically changes over to a multi-view approach. In order to let the system automatically detect whether a single projection vs. an overlap is observed, we watermark the different projection patterns while preserving enough textures for correspondence match. In our system, two projectors and two cameras are deployed. Each camera-project pair consists a one-shot structured light set and the two cameras consist a multiview stereo. Our method is fully compatible with now-a-days tensor computation platforms, which provides simplicity for research and development as well as easy-extendability for industrial application and running-time performance optimization. This paper presents watermarking patterns and corresponding detection methods, in tensor computation.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120953 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549977
In this paper, we illustrate a radio-frequency (RF) channelization scheme based on dual optical frequency combs (OFCs). Modulated by two sets of cascaded electro-optic (EO) modulators, dual coherent OFCs with different free spectrum ranges (FSRs), namely 10 GHz and 11 GHz, are generated. Based on OFCs, a channelizer with six channels, 1 GHz channel spacing is experimentally demonstrated, covering frequency range from 1 GHz to 7 GHz. The input RF signal is impressed onto the signal comb by a Dual-Parallel Mach-Zander modulator (DPMZM). At the same time, balance detection methods and I/Q demodulation are used to achieve high-precision reception and the processing of RF signals. Selecting the corresponding channel with a waveshaper, the performance of six channels is shown and the spectra at different stages are also demonstrated.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120954 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549987
In this paper, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is tested using lock-in thermography, which is excited by an induction coil. A impact-damaged CFRP plate was available and measured as a function of the angle between a linear excitation coil and the main fiber directions. The amplitude and phase images of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was obtained by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The relationship between angle sensitivity of included angle and crack shape is analyzed. The results show that the circular symmetry is basically maintained when the defect is linear. When the structure of defects is similar to that of bifurcated trees, the angular distribution is quite different, which are consistent with the results of X-ray imaging.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120955 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549988
Fiber probe is an important component in optical coherence tomography (OCT) and distance measurement system, its collection efficiency of the light reflected from target surface directly affects the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the system, while the target distance will have direct influence on the collection efficiency. However, there are few researches on specific analysis of the collection efficiency variation of fiber probe when target distance change. In this paper, we proposed the theoretical model of fiber probe, and we deduce the collection efficiency of the light reflected from the target surface which is deviated from the ideal image plane of the fixed-focus fiber probe with Δl in the direction of the optical axis. The theoretical result is testified by ZEMAX simulation, and the difference between the simulation result and the theoretical calculation is 0.0023 when Δl = -5mm. In addition, ZEMAX is utilized to simulate the light collection efficiency when target distance change for reflective target surface. The results of simulation are basically consistent with theoretical calculation. It is concluded that the rate of descent for the collection efficiency is greater when target surface is placed in front of the ideal image plane, and the working range of the fiber probe increases with the increase of ideal image distance. The findings can guide us to make effective use of fiber probe and chose a detector with the right dynamic range to improve distance measurement precision.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120956 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2550017
Optical waveguide phased array can realize high-speed beam scanning without mechanical deflection, which is a research hotspot of new system LiDAR. Limited by the manufacturing error of the device, the theoretical value of the modulation phase cannot achieve precise beam steering. The most commonly used SPGD algorithm achieves accurate beam deflection without pre-wavefront phase detection by optimizing the phase modulation voltages of the array elements, avoiding cumbersome parameter error calibration. However, in some cases, the SPGD algorithm converges slowly and is prone to local extremum. To achieve fast adaptive phase correction, a chaotic stochastic parallel gradient descent (CSPGD) algorithm combining chaos theory and SPGD is proposed in this paper. The neighborhood chaotic search is centered on the wave control voltages obtained by SPGD optimization. The ergodicity of chaotic sequences is employed to improve the fine search performance of the algorithm, thereby speeding up the correction and improving the correction accuracy. Plus, a phase-correcting optical system is built using a one-dimentional eight-element (1×8) lithium niobate (LiNbO3) optical waveguide phased array to verify the convergence performance of the new algorithm. The random phase modulation OPA is used to simulate a large phase error scenario. Simulation and experimental results show that the CSPGD phase correction algorithm can deflect the beam to the target direction more quickly and improve the beam quality effectively within the same iteration scale, compared with the classical SPGD algorithm.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120957 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2550047
Recently, black phosphorus has been reported excellent ultra-fast optical and nonlinear optical property. Bismth as the same element as phosphorus in the group V, bismuthene been considered as an outstanding optical material which could be applied in an all fiber laser. With the mass few-layer bismuthene has been discovered, bismuthenen nanosheets has been hardly proved and studied. This work focuses on sheets-structure rather than few-layer. The basic characteristics and nonlinear absorption features have been demonstrated and the successful applied in an er-doped fiber laser has attested the choiceness features of bismuthene nanosheets. A 52th dual-wavelength harmonic mode-locking is reported and the pulse duration is 1.58 ps.
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Mao Xue, Yang Yanfu, Xiang Qian, Cao Juntao, Zhang Qun, Yao Yong
Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120958 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2550062
A joint blind equalization algorithm is proposed for compensating polarization-dependent loss (PDL) and random state-of-polarization (RSOP) rotation in a Stokes vector direct detection (SV-DD) system based on a time domain extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm. The numerical results confirm that the algorithm has a good performance which can track fast random SOP rotation up to 1.5Mrad/s even when 3dB PDL before and after fiber link is present for high-order modulation format.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 1120959 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2550065
It is beneficial for maintenance department to make maintenance strategy and reduce maintenance cost to forecast the hidden danger index value. In order to grasp the size information of High-speed railway wheel-set size in time and ensure the stable operation of high-speed railway, the size data of wheel-set are obtained by optical intercept image detection, and the LMBP neural network prediction model based on differential evolution is designed and implemented. The differential evolution algorithm (DE) is used to optimize the initial connection weights and thresholds between the layers of the neural network, and solve the problem that the back propagation (BP) network is easy to fall into the local extreme value due to the random initial connection weight and threshold. The Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) numerical algorithm is used to optimize the weights and thresholds in the BP network training process to solve the problem of long BP training time. According to the wheel diameter data of the CRH380 model, the effectiveness and accuracy of the method are verified by comparing the prediction results of different algorithms. Compared with the LMBP network and the standard BP network prediction model, the experimental results show that the DE-LMBP neural network model can obtain better correlation coefficients (0.9974), mean square error (0.0103), mean absolute error (0.0772) and average absolute percentage error (0.0084), which proves that the model is effective in predicting the size of the moving wheel and significantly improves the prediction accuracy.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112095A (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2550115
A periodic two-dimensional metamaterial with plasmon induced transparency effect in terahertz region, composed of polyimide layer covered by a monolayer graphene ring-rod structure, is presented and numerically investigated. The structure shows a remarkable polarization-sensitive transparent window in terahertz band due to the interference phenomenon caused by mode coupling. The results demonstrate that the transparent window of plasmon induced transparency can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the Fermi level of graphene and the polarization angle of incident terahertz wave, which are verified by numerical simulation and dipole-dipole interaction model. Moreover, the maximum group delay time corresponding to the polarization angle at 0 degree is 136.57 fs, exhibiting obvious slow light characteristics. The proposed metamaterial may give rise to practical application in terahertz switches and slow light devices.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112095B (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2550124
Single Mode Fabry-Perot laser diode (SMFP-LD) has shown significant effects on digital photonics and optical signal processing due to its prominent advantages such as low power consumption, simple structure and easy configuration, and low cost. Recently, the use of SMFP-LDs on RF signal generation has shown its potential in microwave photonics (MWP. In this paper, we discuss the use of SMFP-LDs in MWP for signal generation, hopping and the switching of RF signal. We propose negative wavelength detuning (NWD) injection locking for RF signal generation, illustrating its benefits over positive wavelength detuning (PWD) injection locking in output signal quality and stability. Also, multiinjection locking in a single SMFP-LD is demonstrated to generate multiple RF signals, which are of the different RADAR bands. Then after, the hopping and switching between the generation of microwave, millimeter wave and, simultaneous microwave and millimeter wave using a single SMFP-LD is demonstrated. As a proof of concept for the switching of RF signal, 2 Gbps 16-bit NRZ signal is used as a control signal to switch the generation of RF signals using SMFP-LDs. The switching speed of less than 40 ps is observed. With the modification in the control unit, switching of multiple RF signal generation can be easily obtained using SMFP-LDs, which can be used for re-configurable and flexible microwave photonics system. With the modification on the control signal as a random bit sequence generator, the proposed scheme can be used for the secure military communication besides other conventional application such as radars, 5G communications, RF sensing and detection.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112095C (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2550132
Signal to noise ratio (SNR) is one of the key parameters in the communication, radar and spectrum perception systems. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a SNR enhancement receiver with wide processing bandwidth and tunability, where two coherent optical frequency combs (OFCs) based on multi-channel microwave source and electro-optic modulators are incorporated to accomplish simultaneous frequency down-conversion and channelization. By exploiting a dual frequency microwave source as a comb driver, the FSR tunable OFC is demonstrated. The FSR of the laser can be tuned flexibly from 8 GHz to 12 GHz by controlling the controlling the frequency of the microwave source. Multifrequency microwave signal is generated from a 0-10GHz microwave signal source and cloned to the optical domain by a carrier suppressed single sideband modulator (CS-SS) and then down-converted and channelized to the same IF. The IF signals are digitalized and then added in the digital domain. With the proposed receiver a 7.2 dB SNR enhancement has been achieved.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112095D (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2550155
Genetic algorithm (GA) is a commonly used algorithm in optical network routing and wavelength assignment (RWA). In order to adapt to the development trend of next-generation software-defined optical network (SDON) with higher speed, wideband, long distance and large capacity, this paper proposes a dynamic, improved GA-based RWA algorithm which reduces the complexity of the algorithm and improves the performance of the algorithm. The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the blocking rate and improve resources utilization rate in SDON compared with the classical algorithm and GA.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112095E (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2550166
Continuously increasing demand for biomedical diagnostics requires advanced imaging techniques. Time-gated imaging (TGI) of photoluminent bioprobes has a number of unique features, such as possibility to cut-off the excitation and autofluorescence and provide photoluminescence (PL) lifetime information in every pixel. However, as the other bioimaging techniques, TGI itself is not able to overcome the problem of high attenuation of light in the biological tissues. In recent years, imaging in the biological windows of optical transparency in near-infrared (NIR) and short wave infrared (SWIR) spectral ranges is being actively developed, providing an opportunity for the excitation and detection of PL signal in deeper biological tissues with higher resolution. In order to combine both advantages of NIR-SWIR imaging and TGI, we have built a time-gated imaging system performing in NIR-SWIR (900-1700nm) spectral range. Synchronizing setup has been developed in order to control delay between pulsed excitation source and NIR-SWIR camera. Through manipulation of the delay between the PL excitation source and imaging camera, stack of time-resolved PL images is obtained, which can be processed by the unmixing software. In summary, the developed technique allows us to distinguish and map regions of different NIR-SWIR PL lifetimes. An application of this method for spatial discrimination of rareearth ion doped nanoparticles emitting in NIR-SWIR range has been demonstrated.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112095F (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2550177
Phase extraction technology is widely used in interferometry, structured light 3D vision Sensor and phase deflection measurement. However, in the process of application, the accuracy of phase extraction is often reduced by various disturbances. For example, the high frequency noise in speckle interferometry, nonlinear effects in CCD detectors and Gamma effects in projection or display devices. This paper mainly introduces a method of constructing a picture of spatial-temporal fringes(STF) by phase-shifting fringe patterns. The method combines the N step phase-shifting fringe patterns into a STF pattern that contains both temporal information and spatial information. Then, the phase of original fringe patterns can be obtained by STF pattern. In addition, simulation experiments are carried out to verify the ability of phase extraction of STF pattern to suppress random noise and harmonics. This method will provide useful reference for practical engineering application.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112095G (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2550180
Owing to the characteristics of high frame frequency, large field of view, small size, streak tube with large work area and small size has been the essential component of the streak tube imaging lidar, and has immense potential in the field of aerospace, space exploration and underwater detection. In this paper, streak tube with a large spherically curved photocathode and small size has been modeled and simulated. The static temporal resolution reaches to 633fs when the effective working diameter of photocathode is 28mm, and its magnification of the image is 1.4. The quantitative relationship between the curvature radius and temporal distortion is analyzed, and temporal distortion can be compensated to minimum when curvature radium R=45mm. Guidance is provided for developing a femtosecond streak tube with large work area and small size for 3D imaging lidar.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112095H (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2550220
Frequency scanning is a common method of BOTDR demodulation Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS). In the frequency scanning process, the electrical band-pass filter is important, and the bandwidth of the electrical filter has an effect on the performance of BOTDR. This paper focuses on the influence of band-pass filter (BPF) bandwidth on the measurement spectral width of BGS and spatial resolution of the frequency-scanning Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer (FSBOTDR), which further affects the measuring performance of BOTDR. The law of BFS accuracy and spatial resolution (SR) with filter bandwidth is theoretically investigated by analyzing the work principle of FS-BOTDR in numerical and evaluating the Brillouin gain spectrum width. Five filters with bandwidths of 40MHz, 55MHz, 70MHz, 85MHz, 100MHz in 700MHz center frequency is selected to compare the spatial resolution and BFS accuracy, which depend on the BGS spectral width. The analyzing and experimental results show that the spatial resolution improves with increasing the filtering bandwidth. When filter bandwidth increases, the BGS spectral width could be broadened, means the sensitivity of the filter output power to the frequency shift is decreased, which caused the reducing of measurement accuracy. The research can be a theoretical basis and experimental guidance on the choosing of filter bandwidth for FSBOTDR.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112095I (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2550298
This paper describes the principles and methods of free-form Surface measurement which is based on fringe reflection technique (PMD). This technique is based on incoherent imaging and phase-shfit. CCD camera was used to record images of sinusoid fringes pattern which is generated by computer monitor and reflected respectively by reflector tested. The phase of modulated fringes that test the mirror collected by CCD can be obtained through the phase-shifting algorithm, and the phase of the reference mirror can be calculated according to the structure, so the altitude difference between the two surface shape mentioned above can be obtained by the phase difference between them. The experiment fit the tested surface by 36 zernike polynomial and substitute the gradient data into equations to obtain the measured surface shaped by the least squares solution.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112095J (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2550612
Dual-drug delivery systems designed for effective therapy is receiving much attention in cancer treatment, however, monitoring of the stimuli-responsive multi-drug release dynamics in living cells is still challenging. Here, a dual drug nanocarrier has been successfully synthesized using functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs). To obtain effective combination therapy, CNTs are used for loading dual drugs, that is, 6-thioguanine (6TG) and doxorubicin (DOX).By using label-free surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and fluorescence techniques, the release dynamics of the loaded two kinds of drugs can be traced in living cells. In this nanocarrier, 6TG was conjugated to the surfaces of gold-silver core-shell nanoparticles (Au@Ag NPs). Release of 6TG can be triggered by glutathione (GSH). DOX was loaded onto CNTs surfaces via π–π stacking, which exhibits a pH-responsive release behavior. To investigate the intracellular traceable delivery performance of this nanocarrier, the dual drug loaded nanocarrier was incubated with living HeLa cells. Experimental results indicated that this dual drug nanocarrier can effectively enter into HeLa cells. And the release of 6TG and DOX were triggered by the substation of GSH and the acidic environment of lysosomes, respectively. By recording the real-time SERS and fluorescence signals of dual-drug inside HeLa cells, we can successfully monitor the dynamic process of intracellular drug release. Moreover, the combination of 6TG and DOX exhibited a synergistic effect to enhance the efficacy of cancer therapy. This kind of dual drug nanocarrier presents a new perspective for the design of smart multi-drug delivery systems for cancer therapy.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112095K (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2550799
The oblique angle incident deposition method is a novel method for preparing thin films. The vapor deposition of the film at different angles is used to change the structure of the material to control its refractive index, so that the selection of the optical film is more extensive. In this paper, the relationship between the deposition angle of the titanium oxide and silicon oxide materials in the oblique vapor deposition process and the refractive index of the film was studied by electron beam evaporation coating method using a self-made angle evaporation device. silicon oxide low refractive index film having a refractive index of 1.07 was obtained.Based on this, a refractive index gradual anti-reflection film for multi-junction GaAs solar cells with a weighted average reflectance of less than 2% was designed.
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Proceedings Volume Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), 112095L (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2551593
The collagen in glioma is changed due to remodeling of the extracellular matrix during the malignant process and plays an important role in the progression of human gliomas. In this paper, multiphoton microscopy (MPM) based on twophoton excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) was introduced to image the changes of collagen in normal human brain and gliomas. What’s more, together with the image analysis, the collagen content was quantitatively measured. It was found that in gliomas the collagen content significantly increased compared to normal brain tissue. These results suggest that MPM has the capability to provide collagen signature as a potential diagnostic marker for detection of gliomas.
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