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The bladder urothelium is usually considered as an impermeable barrier to urine, but recent reports pointed that it was not only a passive impermeable membrane but also has some sensory and signaling functions. While aquaporin expression has been found in the urothelium, which implicits water transportation through the urothelium, it has never been observed directly the process of water transportation through the urothelium. We describe here for first time how water is transported through the urothelium through osmosis.
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Lan Dao, Xu Zhou, Hui Wang, "Imaging the urothelium with OCT," Proc. SPIE 11212, Therapeutics and Diagnostics in Urology 2020, 1121208 (19 February 2020); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2546314