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Low-dislocation-density InP single crystals have been successfully grown under the low axial temperature gradient of dT/dZ = 30°C/cm by the VCZ method, which is an LEC method with phosphorus vapor pressure applied over the liquid encapsulant during growth. The average EPD is about 2,000 cm-2 in the 2-inch diameter crystals doped with Fe or Sn. The slip-free and dislocation-free crystals have been obtained by doping S of 2 x 1018cm-3 at the seed end. The InP crystals have uniform distributions of electrical properties with variations of less than 2%. The photoluminescence measurements of Sn-doped crystal have revealed no deep level due to phosphorus vacancy. The VPE InGaAs layer grown on the S-doped VCZ substrate exhibits few propagated dislocations and a very low leak current.
M. Tatsumi,T. Kawase,T. Araki,N. Yamabayashi,T. Iwasaki,Y. Miura,S. Murai,K. Tada, andS. Akai
"Growth Of Low-Dislocation-Density InP Single Crystals By The VCZ Method", Proc. SPIE 1144, 1st Intl Conf on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials for Advanced Electronic and Optical Devices, (28 November 1989); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.961978
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M. Tatsumi, T. Kawase, T. Araki, N. Yamabayashi, T. Iwasaki, Y. Miura, S. Murai, K. Tada, S. Akai, "Growth Of Low-Dislocation-Density InP Single Crystals By The VCZ Method," Proc. SPIE 1144, 1st Intl Conf on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials for Advanced Electronic and Optical Devices, (28 November 1989); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.961978