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The transmission of light through sub-wavelength apertures (zero-mode waveguides, ZMW) in metal films is wellexplored. It introduces both an amplitude modulation as well as a phase shift to the transmitted oscillating electromagnetic field. We propose a nanophotonic interferometer by bringing two zero-mode waveguides in proximity and monitoring the distribution of light in the back-focal plane of the collecting microscope objective. We demonstrate that both an asymmetry induced by the binding of a quantum dot in one of the two ZMW, as well as a asymmetry in ZMW diameter yield qualitatively similar deflection patterns. Using ZMW pairs with diameter asymmetries, we find that the complex pattern of the transmitted light can be quantified through a scalar measure of asymmetry along the symmetry axis of the aperture pair. We find that this scalar asymmetry is a monotonous function of the diameter difference of the two apertures.
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A. Ghaffari, K. Do, S. Kashani, K. Weninger, R. Riehn, "A nanophotonic interferometer for small particle detection," Proc. SPIE 12223, Interferometry XXI, 122230L (3 October 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2634318