Quantum super-resolution imaging and hypothesis testing

Ugo Zanforlin; Cosmo Lupo; Peter W. R. Connolly; Pieter Kok; Gerald S. Buller; Zixin Huang

doi:10.1117/12.2671840

19 July 2023 Quantum super-resolution imaging and hypothesis testing

Ugo Zanforlin, Cosmo Lupo, Peter W. R. Connolly, Pieter Kok, Gerald S. Buller, Zixin Huang

Proceedings Volume 12633, Photonics for Quantum 2023; 1263308 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2671840
Event: Photonics for Quantum, 2023, Rochester, New York, United States

Abstract

Detecting the faint emission of a secondary source in the proximity of the much brighter one has been the most severe obstacle for using direct imaging in searching for exoplanets. Estimating the angular separation between two incoherent thermal sources is a also challenging task for direct imaging. Here, we experimentally demonstrate two tasks for super-resolution imaging based on hypothesis testing, quantum state discrimination and quantum imaging techniques. We show that one can significantly reduce the probability of error for detecting the presence of a weak secondary source (e.g. a planet), especially when the two sources have small angular separations. We reduce the experimental complexity down to a single two-input interferometer: we show that (1) this simple set-up is sufficient for the state discrimination task, and (2) if the two sources are of equal brightness, then this measurement can super-resolve their angular separation, saturating the quantum Cramér-Rao bound. By using a collection baseline of 5.3 mm, we resolve the angular separation of two sources that are placed 15 m apart at a distance of 1.0 μm with an accuracy of 1:7% { this is between 2 to 3 orders of magnitudes more accurate than shot-noise limited direct imaging.

Conference Presentation

Citation Download Citation

Ugo Zanforlin, Cosmo Lupo, Peter W. R. Connolly, Pieter Kok, Gerald S. Buller, and Zixin Huang "Quantum super-resolution imaging and hypothesis testing", Proc. SPIE 12633, Photonics for Quantum 2023, 1263308 (19 July 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2671840

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