In the measurement of large-aperture flat, mechanical stress arises from the contact between the flat and supporting materials, which is influenced by both gravity and temperature. This stress induces surface deformation, consequently impacting the optical system's image quality. To enhance support efficacy, the finite element method was used to analyze the surface deformation of these flats across various vertical and horizontal support configurations. Distribution patterns arising from the effects of gravity and temperature on flat surface shape were also inverstigated. Analysis reveals that the use of horizontal support induces more conspicuous gravity-induced deformation when compared to vertical support. Additionally, results show that temperature has a more significant effect on flat surface deformation than gravity. The findings of this study offer pertinent insights for designing support structures for large-aperture flat and implementing temperature control measures in experiments.
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