PCA-based atmospheric correction of PACE OCI ocean color imagery

Robert Frouin; Jing Tan

doi:10.1117/12.3049368

3 January 2025 PCA-based atmospheric correction of PACE OCI ocean color imagery

Robert Frouin, Jing Tan

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 13264, Active and Passive Remote Sensing of Oceans, Seas, and Lakes; 1326402 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3049368
Event: Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing, 2024, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Abstract

Atmospheric correction (AC) of ocean color imagery faces significant challenges in regions with absorbing aerosols, adjacency effects, and optically complex waters, common in coastal and inland areas. Traditional algorithms, which extrapolate the atmospheric signal from near and shortwave infrared to shorter wavelengths, often fail in these conditions. To overcome this, the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) signal undergoes principal component (PC) decomposition, retaining only PCs sensitive to water signals, which allows for precise non-linear mapping of TOA to water reflectance. This methodology is tailored for PACE OCI imagery with a 5 nm resolution across 340 to 895 nm. The algorithm excludes OCI observations affected by strong gaseous absorption, but maps TOA PCs to water PCs defined across all spectral bands, enabling water reflectance estimates over the entire 340-895 nm range. In situ measurements and Hydrolight simulations are used to generate TOA reflectance ensembles, with pixel-wise uncertainty estimation integrated. The method’s performance under various angular and geophysical conditions is theoretically assessed and applied to OCI imagery of diverse oceanic regions. Results show that the PCA-based AC scheme effectively handles complex atmospheric settings, yielding realistic water reflectance. Comparisons with the operational OCI product (version 2) demonstrate improvements, particularly in mitigating negative or excessively low values at shorter wavelengths. Preliminary experimental validation using HyperNav measurements shows acceptable agreement between estimated and measured water reflectance values, but additional matchups are needed to confirm accuracy.

Citation Download Citation

Robert Frouin and Jing Tan "PCA-based atmospheric correction of PACE OCI ocean color imagery", Proc. SPIE 13264, Active and Passive Remote Sensing of Oceans, Seas, and Lakes, 1326402 (3 January 2025); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3049368

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KEYWORDS

Reflectivity

Atmospheric corrections

Principal component analysis

Simulations

Absorption

Ocean optics

Atmospheric modeling

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