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The simulation model presented yields the properties of ion-exchanged waveguides in glass in a very close approximation. The manufacturing process is a double thermal ion exchange in the glass BGG31, which was developed especially for the sodium/silver ion exchange. The resulting waveguides have several advantages compared to waveguides in other materials, for example, a low birefringence and low intrinsic losses; due to the flexibility of the process, the mode field can be matched to different types of fibers.
Barbara Wolf,Norbert Fabricius,Wolfgang Foss, andAndreas N. Dorsel
"Ion-exchanged waveguides in glass: simulation and experiment", Proc. SPIE 1506, Micro-Optics II, (1 August 1991); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.45955
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Barbara Wolf, Norbert Fabricius, Wolfgang Foss, Andreas N. Dorsel, "Ion-exchanged waveguides in glass: simulation and experiment," Proc. SPIE 1506, Micro-Optics II, (1 August 1991); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.45955