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We propose the use of mass-limited, line emitting cryogenic targets for SXPL, which permit a continuous supply of targets without the problem of particulate debris and excessive heating of multilayer optics by an intense x-ray flux in wavelength regions outside the multilayer bandwidth. In preliminary experiments we measured the oxygen line emission in the vicinity of 13 nm. The x-ray emitting plasma was produced by using a laser intensity of 2 X 1012 W/cm2 on the surface of an ice target. From the observed crater on target we can deduce that clusters are also ejected from cryogenic targets.
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Feng Jin, Kai Gabel, Martin C. Richardson, Masataka Kado, Andrew F. Vasil'ev, Daniel Salzmann, "Mass-limited laser-plasma cryogenic target for 13 nm point x ray sources for lithography," Proc. SPIE 2015, Applications of Laser Plasma Radiation, (1 February 1994); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.167993