Hard x-ray Wolter-I telescope using broadband multilayer coatings on replica substrates: problems and solutions

Karsten Dan Joensen; Paul Gorenstein; Oberto Citterio; Peter Hoghoj; Ian S. Anderson; O. Schaerpf

doi:10.1117/12.212584

20 June 1995 Hard x-ray Wolter-I telescope using broadband multilayer coatings on replica substrates: problems and solutions

Karsten Dan Joensen, Paul Gorenstein, Oberto Citterio, Peter Hoghoj, Ian S. Anderson, O. Schaerpf

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 2515, X-Ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Optics; (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.212584
Event: SPIE's 1995 International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, 1995, San Diego, CA, United States

Abstract

We present an approach to obtaining a modular hard x-ray Wolter-I type telescope based on combining present replication technologies, for complete sub-arc minute cylindrical shells, with deposition of Ni/C broad-band hard x-ray multilayers. Based on a combination of literature review, stress measurement, modelling, and characterization of a number of replica and non-replica optics using AFM, interferometry and grazing incidence reflection, we conclude that (1) it should be possible to fabricate sputter targets small enough to coat the inside of approximately equals 10 cm diameter shells (2) in spite of the large Ni/C multilayer stresses, calculations show that the structural integrity of the complete shells limit the deformation to less than 1% of the surface and; (3) the quality of multilayers coated on replicas with gold surfaces, is not as good as those coated on standard substrates. The mediocre quality is found to correlate with a large degree of roughness on nanometer length scales, which is most likely a result of the previously well-documented polycrystallinity of gold films. The mediocre quality of the multilayers on replicas would lead to a 2-fold reduction in the effective area.

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Karsten Dan Joensen, Paul Gorenstein, Oberto Citterio, Peter Hoghoj, Ian S. Anderson, and O. Schaerpf "Hard x-ray Wolter-I telescope using broadband multilayer coatings on replica substrates: problems and solutions", Proc. SPIE 2515, X-Ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Optics, (20 June 1995); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.212584

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