Laser-initiated decomposition products of indocyanine green (ICG) and carbon black sensitized biological tissues

John M. Kokosa; Andrzej Przyjazny; Kenneth Eugene Bartels D.V.M.; Massoud Motamedi; Donald J. Hayes; David B. Wallace; Christopher J. Frederickson

doi:10.1117/12.275244

2 May 1997 Laser-initiated decomposition products of indocyanine green (ICG) and carbon black sensitized biological tissues

John M. Kokosa, Andrzej Przyjazny, Kenneth Eugene Bartels D.V.M., Massoud Motamedi, Donald J. Hayes, David B. Wallace, Christopher J. Frederickson

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 2974, Laser and Noncoherent Ocular Effects: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment; (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275244
Event: BiOS '97, Part of Photonics West, 1997, San Jose, CA, United States

Abstract

Organic dyes have found increasing use a s sensitizers in laser surgical procedures, due to their high optical absorbances. Little is known, however, about the nature of the degradation products formed when these dyes are irradiated with a laser. Previous work in our laboratories has shown that irradiation of polymeric and biological tissues with CO₂ and Nd:YAG lasers produces a host of volatile and semivolatile by-products, some of which are known to be potential carcinogens. This work focuses on the identification of the chemical by-products formed by diode laser and Nd:YAG laser irradiation of indocyanine green (ICG) and carbon black based ink sensitized tissues, including bone, tendon and sheep's teeth. Samples were mounted in a 0.5-L Pyrex sample chamber equipped with quartz optical windows, charcoal filtered air inlet and an outlet attached to an appropriate sample trap and a constant flow pump. By-products were analyzed by GC/MS and HPLC. Volatiles identified included benzene and formaldehyde. Semi-volatiles included traces of polycyclic aromatics, arising from the biological matrix and inks, as well as fragments of ICG and the carbon ink components. The significance of these results will be discussed, including the necessity of using appropriate evacuation devices when utilizing lasers for surgical procedures.

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John M. Kokosa, Andrzej Przyjazny, Kenneth Eugene Bartels D.V.M., Massoud Motamedi, Donald J. Hayes, David B. Wallace, and Christopher J. Frederickson "Laser-initiated decomposition products of indocyanine green (ICG) and carbon black sensitized biological tissues", Proc. SPIE 2974, Laser and Noncoherent Ocular Effects: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment, (2 May 1997); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275244

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