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25 February 2004 Low-loss coatings for the VIRGO large mirrors
F. Beauville, D. Buskulic, R. Flaminio, F. Marion, A. Masserot, L. Massonnet, B. Mours, F. Moreau, J. Ramonet, E. Tournefier, D. Verkindt, O. Veziant, M. Yvert, Regis Barille, Vincenzino Dattilo, Daniel Enard, Franco Frasconi, Alberto Gennai, Paolo La Penna, Magali Loupias, Federico Paoletti, L. Bracci, Giovanni Calamai, E. Campagna, G. Conforto, E. Cuoco, I. Fiori, G. Guidi, G. Losurdo, Fabrizio Martelli, Massimo Mazzoni, B. Perniola, Ruagero N. Stanga, Flavio Vetrano, A. Vicere, D. Babusci, Gianfranco Giordano, Jean-Marie Mackowski, Nazario Morgado, Laurent Pinard, Alban Remillieux, Fausto Acernese, Fabrizio Barone, Enrico Calloni, Rosario De Rosa, Luciano Di Fiore, Antonio Eleuteri, Leopoldo Milano, Ketevan Qipiani, Iolanda Ricciardi, G. Russo, Salvatore Solimeno, M. Varvella, Francois Bondu, Alain Brillet, Eric Chassande-Mottin, Frederic Cleva, T. Cokelaer, J.-P. Coulon, B. Dujardin, J.-D. Fournier, H. Heitmann, Catherine N. Man, F. Mornet, J. Pacheco, A. Pai, Herve Trinquet, J.-Y. Vinet, N. Arnaud, M. Barsuglia, M. A. Bizouard, V. Brisson, F. Cavalier, M. Davier, P. Hello, P. Heusse, S. Kreckelberg, A. Claude Boccara, Vincent Loriette, J. Moreau, V. Reita, P. Amico, L. Bosi, Luca Gammaitoni, M. Punturo, F. Travasso, H. Vocca, L. Barsotti, S. Braccini, C. Bradaschia, G. Cella, C. Corda, A. Di Virgilio, I. Ferrante, F. Fidecaro, Adalberto Giazotto, E. Majorana, L. Holloway, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, R. Poggiani, A. Toncelli, M. Tonelli, L. Brocco, S. Frasca, C. Palomba, P. Puppo, P. Rapagnani, F. Ricci
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Proceedings Volume 5250, Advances in Optical Thin Films; (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.516431
Event: Optical Systems Design, 2003, St. Etienne, France
Abstract
The goal of the VIRGO program is to build a giant Michelson type interferometer (3 kilometer long arms) to detect gravitational waves. Large optical components (350 mm in diameter), having extremely low loss at 1064 nm, are needed. Today, the Ion beam Sputtering is the only deposition technique able to produce optical components with such performances. Consequently, a large ion beam sputtering deposition system was built to coat large optics up to 700 mm in diameter. The performances of this coater are described in term of layer uniformity on large scale and optical losses (absorption and scattering characterization). The VIRGO interferometer needs six main mirrors. The first set was ready in June 2002 and its installation is in progress on the VIRGO site (Italy). The optical performances of this first set are discussed. The requirements at 1064 nm are all satisfied. Indeed, the absorption level is close to 1 ppm (part per million), the scattering is lower than 5 ppm and the R.M.S. wavefront of these optics is lower than 8 nm on 150 mm in diameter. Finally, some solutions are proposed to further improve these performance, especially the absorption level (lower than 0.1 ppm) and the mechanical quality factor Q of the mirrors (thermal noise reduction).
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F. Beauville, D. Buskulic, R. Flaminio, F. Marion, A. Masserot, L. Massonnet, B. Mours, F. Moreau, J. Ramonet, E. Tournefier, D. Verkindt, O. Veziant, M. Yvert, Regis Barille, Vincenzino Dattilo, Daniel Enard, Franco Frasconi, Alberto Gennai, Paolo La Penna, Magali Loupias, Federico Paoletti, L. Bracci, Giovanni Calamai, E. Campagna, G. Conforto, E. Cuoco, I. Fiori, G. Guidi, G. Losurdo, Fabrizio Martelli, Massimo Mazzoni, B. Perniola, Ruagero N. Stanga, Flavio Vetrano, A. Vicere, D. Babusci, Gianfranco Giordano, Jean-Marie Mackowski, Nazario Morgado, Laurent Pinard, Alban Remillieux, Fausto Acernese, Fabrizio Barone, Enrico Calloni, Rosario De Rosa, Luciano Di Fiore, Antonio Eleuteri, Leopoldo Milano, Ketevan Qipiani, Iolanda Ricciardi, G. Russo, Salvatore Solimeno, M. Varvella, Francois Bondu, Alain Brillet, Eric Chassande-Mottin, Frederic Cleva, T. Cokelaer, J.-P. Coulon, B. Dujardin, J.-D. Fournier, H. Heitmann, Catherine N. Man, F. Mornet, J. Pacheco, A. Pai, Herve Trinquet, J.-Y. Vinet, N. Arnaud, M. Barsuglia, M. A. Bizouard, V. Brisson, F. Cavalier, M. Davier, P. Hello, P. Heusse, S. Kreckelberg, A. Claude Boccara, Vincent Loriette, J. Moreau, V. Reita, P. Amico, L. Bosi, Luca Gammaitoni, M. Punturo, F. Travasso, H. Vocca, L. Barsotti, S. Braccini, C. Bradaschia, G. Cella, C. Corda, A. Di Virgilio, I. Ferrante, F. Fidecaro, Adalberto Giazotto, E. Majorana, L. Holloway, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, R. Poggiani, A. Toncelli, M. Tonelli, L. Brocco, S. Frasca, C. Palomba, P. Puppo, P. Rapagnani, and F. Ricci "Low-loss coatings for the VIRGO large mirrors", Proc. SPIE 5250, Advances in Optical Thin Films, (25 February 2004); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.516431
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KEYWORDS
Mirrors
Absorption
Scattering
Wavefronts
Optical coatings
Copper
Interferometers
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