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Stochastic thermodynamics [1,2] is a recently developed framework to deal with the thermodynamics at the microscope, where thermal fluctuations strongly influence their behaviour. Typical such systems are colloids and biomolecules or cells. These thermal fluctuations do not only lead to Brownian motion, but to a continuous and unavoidable heat exchange between the suspending medium and the particles, leading to a very interesting phenomenology. In order to explore such phenomenology and to test theoretical results obtained from stochastic thermodynamics, we developed an “experimental simulator” of thermodynamic devices in the microscale with an optically trapped bead that is subject to an external noise that mimics a controllable thermal bath. The noise is applied by means of electric fields acting on the charge of the trapped particle.
In this talk, I will present some of the results we obtained with this simulator, demonstrating excellent control over the effective temperature of the system and a control parameter. This allows us to perform a variety of equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamic processes [3-5]. In particular, we were able to realize microadiabatic processes, where no heat is exchanged on average between the particle and the medium [6]. This achievement allowed us to implement a Carnot microengine as a concatenation of isothermal and adiabatic processes [7], whose theoretical study is playing a key role in the foundations of stochastic thermodynamics.
References
[1] K Sekimoto; Lecture Notes in Physics (Springer, Berlin, 2010), Vol. 799.
[2] U Seifert; Rep. Prog. Phys. 75 (2012) 126001
[3] IA Martínez, E Roldan, JMR Parrondo, D Petrov; Phys. Rev. E 87 (2013) 032159
[4] É Roldán, IA Martínez, L Dinis, RA Rica; Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 (2014) 234103
[5] P Mestres, IA Martinez, A Ortiz-Ambriz, RA Rica, E Roldan; Phys. Rev. E 90 (2014) 032116
[6] IA Martínez, E Roldan, L Dinis, D Petrov, RA Rica; Phys. Rev. Lett. (2015) In press
[7] IA Martinez, E Roldan, L Dinis, D Petrov, JMR Parrondo, RA Rica; (2015) arXiv preprint: 1412.1282
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