Filaments, formed by ultrashort pulsed laser (USPLs) with high peak powers, deliver high intensities and a plasma channel to km-scale distance, without the need for focusing elements. These properties make them viable for long-range outdoor applications, including propagation to or at high altitudes where air pressure is a fraction of that at sea level. Since filament formation and characteristics are known to vary with air pressure, here, we analyze how critical filamentation thresholds and properties change as pressure decreases, through experiment and simulation. This study indicates that filament applications are indeed feasible over long distances to or at high altitudes.
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