All-optical switches enable ON/OFF conversion function by following the concept of light-controlled-by-light and are highly significant due to their potential to overcome speed limitations set by electrical switches. In this talk, the ultra-fast responses of metamaterials at the effective epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) wavelengths and/or resonant wavelengths, unveiling response times down to a few hundred femtoseconds (fs), will be presented. Especially a novel Si-compatible hyperbolic metamaterial based on Titanium nitrides (TiN) and indium-tin-oxide (ITO) multilayers that possess two different ENZ wavelengths will be presented with the switching time, measured in pump and probe, of the metamaterial at both ENZ ranges.
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