This talk will highlight recent visible photonic integrated circuits based on silicon nitride including switching networks, optical phased arrays, chip-scale lasers, modulators and ongoing challenges for their practical application in neuroscience, imaging, and quantum systems. For scaling up these systems, frequency and spatial multiplexing architectures and techniques to overcome loss and fabrication challenges in the visible spectrum down to blue wavelengths will be discussed. Finally, the future of hybrid integrated platforms that incorporate active material properties including electro-optic modulation and optical gain will be discussed for expanding the platform’s functional capabilities.
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