The exploration of sustainable materials derived from natural sources gains prominence, attributing to their renewable nature and minimal ecological footprint upon disposal. Integrating such sustainable materials into the design of electrical and optical devices holds the promise of realizing an ecologically harmonious society. In this presentation, our study on laser-induced carbonization and graphitization of natural materials using a femtosecond laser will be described. Specifically, we demonstrate the direct patterning of conductive structures on biodegradable materials by laser-based graphitization. By measuring the temperature of the material by varying the repetition rate of laser pulses, we revealed that the properties of the generated material change not only based on the highest temperature but also on the temporal variation of temperature. Furthermore, we have expanded the technique for the fabrication of a metal-free supercapacitor and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) by laser-induced graphitization.
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