Open Access
2 April 2013 Label-free in vivo imaging of human leukocytes using two-photon excited endogenous fluorescence
Yan Zeng, Bo Yan, Qiqi Sun, Seng Khoon Teh, Wei Zhang, Zilong Wen, Jianan Y. Qu
Author Affiliations +
Abstract
We demonstrate that two-photon excited endogenous fluorescence enables label-free morphological and functional imaging of various human blood cells. Specifically, we achieved distinctive morphological contrast to visualize morphology of important leukocytes, such as polymorphonuclear structure of granulocyte and mononuclear feature of agranulocyte, through the employment of the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence signals. In addition, NADH fluorescence images clearly reveal the morphological transformation process of neutrophils during disease-causing bacterial infection. Our findings also show that time-resolved NADH fluorescence can be potentially used for functional imaging of the phagocytosis of pathogens by leukocytes (neutrophils) in vivo. In particular, we found that free-to-bound NADH ratios measured in infected neutrophils increased significantly, which is consistent with a previous study that the energy consumed in the phagocytosis of neutrophils is mainly generated through the glycolysis pathway that leads to the accumulation of free NADH. Future work will focus on further developing and applying label-free imaging technology to investigate leukocyte-related diseases and disorders.
© 2013 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) 0091-3286/2013/$25.00 © 2013 SPIE
Yan Zeng, Bo Yan, Qiqi Sun, Seng Khoon Teh, Wei Zhang, Zilong Wen, and Jianan Y. Qu "Label-free in vivo imaging of human leukocytes using two-photon excited endogenous fluorescence," Journal of Biomedical Optics 18(4), 040504 (2 April 2013). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.18.4.040504
Published: 2 April 2013
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CITATIONS
Cited by 13 scholarly publications.
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KEYWORDS
Luminescence

Blood

In vivo imaging

Visualization

Functional imaging

Bacteria

Pathogens

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