Threat assessment using visual hierarchy and conceptual firearms ontology

Abdullah N. Arslan; Christian F. Hempelmann; Salvatore Attardo; Grady Price Blount; Nikolay M. Sirakov

doi:10.1117/1.OE.54.5.053109

13 May 2015 Threat assessment using visual hierarchy and conceptual firearms ontology

Abdullah N. Arslan, Christian F. Hempelmann, Salvatore Attardo, Grady Price Blount, Nikolay M. Sirakov

Author Affiliations +

Optical Engineering, Vol. 54, Issue 5, 053109 (May 2015). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.54.5.053109

Abstract

The work that established and explored the links between visual hierarchy and conceptual ontology of firearms for the purpose of threat assessment is continued. The previous study used geometrical information to find a target in the visual hierarchy and through the links with the conceptual ontology to derive high-level information that was used to assess a potential threat. Multiple improvements and new contributions are reported. The theoretical basis of the geometric feature extraction method was improved in terms of accuracy. The sample space used for validations is expanded from 31 to 153 firearms. Thus, a new larger and more accurate sequence of visual hierarchies was generated using a modified Gonzalez’ clustering algorithm. The conceptual ontology is elaborated as well and more links were created between the two kinds of hierarchies (visual and conceptual). The threat assessment equation is refined around ammunition-related properties and uses high-level information from the conceptual hierarchy. The experiments performed on weapons identification and threat assessment showed that our system recognized 100% of the cases if a weapon already belongs to the ontology and in 90.8% of the cases, determined the correct third ancestor (level concept) if the weapon is unknown to the ontology. To validate the accuracy of identification for a very large data set, we calculated the intervals of confidence for our system.

Citation Download Citation

Abdullah N. Arslan, Christian F. Hempelmann, Salvatore Attardo, Grady Price Blount, and Nikolay M. Sirakov "Threat assessment using visual hierarchy and conceptual firearms ontology," Optical Engineering 54(5), 053109 (13 May 2015). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.54.5.053109

Published: 13 May 2015

ACCESS THE FULL ARTICLE

INSTITUTIONAL
Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.

SELECT YOUR INSTITUTION

PERSONAL
Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.

PERSONAL SIGN IN

No SPIE Account? Create one

PURCHASE THIS CONTENT

SUBSCRIBE TO DIGITAL LIBRARY

50 downloads per 1-year subscription

Members: $195

Non-members: $335 ADD TO CART

25 downloads per 1 - year subscription

Members: $145

Non-members: $250 ADD TO CART

PURCHASE SINGLE ARTICLE

Includes PDF, HTML & Video, when available