KEYWORDS: Red blood cells, 3D image processing, Phase imaging, Polystyrene, Biological samples, Diseases and disorders, Biological imaging, Visualization, 3D metrology
RBCs are essential for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Maintaining human health requires an understanding of the various RBC types, their structural defects, and the difficulties in identifying these abnormalities. RBCs are commonly divided into sickle cells, regular disc-shaped erythrocytes, and other physical variations. Hemoglobinopathies including sickle cell disease, thalassemia, and genetic spherocytosis, as well as acquired syndromes like anemia, which can be brought on by dietary shortages or long-term illnesses, are only a few examples of the wide range of RBC abnormalities. Advanced imaging techniques are necessary for identifying and characterizing these anomalies. Label-free, non-invasive, and high-resolution imaging of RBCs is made possible by QPI techniques like the Transport of Intensity Equation (TIE). In our work, with the use of TIE-based 3D QPI, we have extracted quantitative features like cell volume, cell height and cell surface area of human RBCs from the captured images. This method enables characterization that is more accurate and diagnosis of diseases by providing insights into the structural modifications linked to RBC abnormalities
The qualitative and quantitative assessment of amino acids holds immense significance in the realm of life sciences. It assumes a pivotal role in comprehending intricate biological processes and, importantly, in the early detection of potential disease developments, as amino acids serve as precursors for numerous biomarkers. Our amino acid profiling method offers remarkable versatility in this context, positioning it to scrutinize amino acid profiles in body fluids. Our study introduces an innovative approach to simultaneously detect amino acids through high-performance liquid chromatography combined with laser-stimulated fluorescence, displaying a picomolar detection limit. By harnessing the power of laser-stimulated fluorescence detection, our approach offers a novel pathway to enhance the understanding of amino acids' roles in health and disease.
Zinc oxide is a preferred choice for several optoelectronic applications owing to their unique properties, such as wider band gaps combined with high exciton binding energies. A zinc oxide thin film was grown on glass substrates through sol-gel depositing method followed by heat treatments. We prepared the zinc oxide thin films using zinc acetate dihydrate, 2-methoxy ethanol and diethanolamine as zinc alkoxide precursor, solvent and sol stabilizer respectively. Structural and optical characterizations were carried out that included X-ray diffraction, Atomic force microscopy, Profilometry and UV-Visible spectrophotometry. A coplanar configuration of device has been chosen where the structure has Zinc oxide thin film on which metal contacts of 100 nm thickness were deposited onto the films via thermal evaporation. A two probe source meter was used for I-V measurements in dark environment. I-V measurements have been done for various concentrations of biomolecules (Vitamin B6). It is found that there are variations in current for increasing concentrations.
Autofluorescence spectroscopy offer noninvasive and promising tools for the detection
of alternations biochemical compositions of tissues and cells, in presence of disease. They have
the added advantage of being highly objective due to the fact that diagnostic evaluation is by
statistical methods, eliminating errors from lack of experience, fatigue factor, and subjectivity of
visual perceptions. The present research work involves in designing and assembling of a low cost,
miniature oral cancer screening device with for routine clinical applications. A miniature system
was designed and assembled with much smaller and cost-effective components like compact light
source and miniature spectrometer, in a hand-held unit configuration. The performance of the
system was evaluated using animal -mouse- SCC model. The current system can be used in handheld
operation, which makes it very useful for many applications like, screening of squamous cell
carcinoma susceptible population.
In this paper we studied Photo physical properties and estimated ground and excited state dipole moments of Acridine Orange Hemi Zinc salt and Acridine Yellow G laser dyes with help of various solvatochromic methods which considers bulk solvent polarity parameters and compared with theoretically estimated values which considers microscopic polarity parameters. We calculated the angle between ground and excited state dipole moments for both molecules. This paper reports that both molecules are PH sensitive due to presence of central protonated nitrogen atom, That PH sensitivity leads to efficiency loss as compared with other dye like acriflavine.
Interaction of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) with fluorophores has been an important research area in the field of material science and biomedical field. In the proximity of a metal nanoparticle, there is a quenching or enhancement in the intrinsic fluorescence of the fluorophore . The conditional quenching of the fluorescence can be used for negative sensing whereas enhancement in the fluorescence can be used to gain greater sensitivity and high signal to noise ratio in the molecular sensing/imaging. The current work deals with the systematic studies to understand the fluorescence quenching for few bio-fluorophores (NADH and FAD) when interacted with different sized silver nano-particles of (10nm, 40nm and 100nm). Home assembled Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) set-up was used to study the fluorescence quenching of NADH and FAD for different sized silver nanoparticles.
KEYWORDS: Functional imaging, Cell death, 3D displays, 3D acquisition, 3D image processing, 3D modeling, Biomedical optics, In vitro testing, Proteins, Tumor growth modeling, Cell biology
Quantitative phase detection is a new methodology that provides quantitative information on cellular morphology to monitor the cell status, drug response and toxicity. In this paper the morphological changes in acute leukemia cells treated with chitosan were detected using d’Bioimager a robust imaging system. Quantitative phase image of the cells was obtained with numerical analysis. Results show that the average area and optical volume of the chitosan treated cells is significantly reduced when compared with the control cells, which reveals the effect of chitosan on the cancer cells. From the results it can be attributed that d’Bioimager can be used as a non-invasive imaging alternative to measure the morphological changes of the living cells in real time.
We present an Opto-mechanical Door Locking System which is an optical system that combines a simple combination of a coherent light source (Laser) and a photodiode based sensor with focus toward security applications. The basic construct of the KEY comprises a Laser source in a cylindrical enclosure that slides perfectly into the LOCK. The Laser is pulsed at a fixed encrypted frequency unique to that locking system. Transistor-transistor logic (TTL) circuitry is used to achieve encryption. The casing of the key is designed in such a way that it will power the pulsing laser only when the key is inserted in the slot provided for it. The Lock includes a photo-sensor that will convert the detected light intensity to a corresponding electrical signal by decrypting the frequency. The lock also consists of a circuit with a feedback system that will carry the digital information regarding the encryption frequency code. The information received from the sensor is matched with the stored code; if found a perfect match, a signal will be sent to the servo to unlock the mechanical lock or to carry out any other operation. This technique can be incorporated in security systems for residences and safe houses, and can easily replace all conventional locks which formerly used fixed patterns to unlock. The major advantage of this proposed optomechanical system over conventional ones is that it no longer relies on a solid/imprinted pattern to perform its task and hence makes it almost impossible to tamper with.
Oral cancer together with pharyngeal cancer is the sixth most common malignancy reported worldwide and one with high mortality ratio among all malignancies [1]. Worldwide 450,000 new cases are estimated in 2014[2]. About 90% are a type of cancer called squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). SCC of the tongue is the most common oral malignancy accounting for approximately 40% of all oral carcinomas. One of the important factors for successful therapy of any malignancy is early diagnosis. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis, lack of reliable diagnostic methods for early detection leading to delay in therapy is an important factor responsible for the increase in the mortality rate in various types of cancers. Spectroscopy techniques are extremely sensitive for the analysis of biochemical changes in cellular systems. These techniques can provide a valuable information on alterations that occur during the development of cancer. This is especially important in oral cancer, where "tumor detection is complicated by a tendency towards field cancerization, leading to multi-centric lesions" and "current techniques detect malignant change too late" [3], and "biopsies are not representative of the whole premalignant lesion". [4]
An ultra-sensitive hyphenated technique, high-performance liquid chromatography-laser-induced fluorescence detection protein profiling of saliva, is evaluated for early detection and diagnosis of oral premalignancy and malignancy. Calibration sets of protein profiles of unstimulated whole saliva are collected from clinically/pathologically normal, premalignant, and malignant subjects and used as standards. Three parameters—scores of factors, sum of squared residuals, and Mahalanobis distance—derived from principal component analysis of protein profiles of the standard calibration sets, and blind samples are used for “match/no-match” diagnosis of the blind samples. Analyses of the results show that the method is capable of differentiating normal, premalignant, and malignant conditions with the sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 78%, respectively. The technique provides a fast, highly objective (free from personal judgment and statistically defined), and noninvasive diagnostic method for screening and early detection of oral cancer.
The present work deals with the evaluation of a high-performance liquid chromatography laser-induced fluorescence (HPLC-LIF) technique developed in our laboratory for early detection of oral cancer from protein profiles of body fluids. The results show that protein profiles of serum samples from a given class of samples, say, normal, premalignant, or malignant, are statistically very close to each other, while profiles of members of any class are significantly different from other classes. The performance of the technique is evaluated by the use of sensitivity and specificity pairs, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and Youden's Index. The technique uses protein profile differences in serum samples, registered by the HPLC-LIF technique. The study is carried out using serum samples from volunteers diagnosed as normal or premalignant clinically, and as malignant by histopathology. The specificities and sensitivities of the HPLC-LIF method at an ideal threshold (M-distance = 2) for normal, malignant, and premalignant classes are 100, 69.5, and 61.5%, and 86.5, 87.5, and 87.5% respectively.
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