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With constant traffic growth network providers that operate Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing networks need to quickly find solutions to upgrade their networks. A key challenge represents coping with increased traffic demands while utilizing minimal resources. Simultaneously, the availability of bandwidth variable transceivers offers network planners the possibility to flexibly allocate resources without excessively overprovisioning the network. However, this advantage increases the complexity of planning algorithms: varying data rate, channel bandwidth, modulation format, and corresponding receiver sensitivity must be accounted for in each transceiver configuration along with the available frequencies. Furthermore, the allocation of flexible grid channels requires the calculation of the non-linear interference penalty whenever channels are added, removed, or reconfigured.
We present an algorithmic approach that offers an efficient way of multiple lightpaths reconfiguration, either for increased traffic requests, or lightpath restoration. It permits the building of a feasible optical network design considering the available spectrum, traffic demand characteristics, network topology, equipment configurations, and engineering constraints. We show the employment of methods for calculating and provisioning multiple lightpaths. Our approach is flexible enough to accommodate optical network topologies of different types and sizes. The result is a lightpath configuration that is optimized for spectrum utilization and generalized optical signal to noise ratio (GSNR) degradation.
We present results of our investigation on applying intentionally nonuniform quantization in optical transceivers, as a means of relaxing DAC resolution requirements. By matching the quantizer’s transfer function to the distribution of the signal amplitudes, quantization noise can be minimized. This novel approach can lower component cost and power consumption, potentially bringing advanced modulation formats to short-haul/metro links. Moreover, transceivers in the less cost-sensitive long-haul market segment can also profit from increased performance, due to higher signal-toquantization noise ratio (SQNR). We show how to derive the nonuniform levels for any given modulation format, and quantify by means of extensive simulations the performance gain of the overall coherent system.
The PolyPhotonics Berlin consortium targets to address these design challenges and establish a new versatile integration platform combining polymer with Indium-Phosphide and thin-film filter based technologies for numerous photonics applications in the global communications and sensing market. In this paper we will present our methodologies for modelling and prototyping optical elements including hybrid coupling techniques, and compare them with exemplary characterization data obtained from measurements of fabricated devices and test structures. We will demonstrate how the seamless integration between photonic circuit and foundry knowledge enable the rapid virtual prototyping of complex photonic components and integrated circuits.
We demonstrate a comprehensive planning environment, which offers an efficient approach to unify, control and expedite the design process by controlling libraries of equipment and engineering methodologies, automating the process and providing the analysis tools necessary to predict system performance throughout the system and for all channels.
In addition to the placement of EDFAs and DCEs, performance analysis metrics are provided at every step of the way. Metrics that can be tracked include power, CD and OSNR, SPM, XPM, FWM and SBS. Automated routine steps assist in design aspects such as equalization, padding and gain setting for EDFAs, the placement of ROADMs and transceivers, and creating regeneration points. DWDM networks consisting of a large number of nodes and repeater huts, interconnected in linear, branched, mesh and ring network topologies, can be designed much faster when compared with conventional design methods. Using flexible templates for all major optical components, our technology-agnostic planning approach supports the constant advances in optical communications.
The need for software-defined transmissions raises new challenges for the transceiver design: multiple modulation formats have to be supported to accommodate for varying bandwidth demand and physical characteristics of different optical paths. In order to keep the receiver complexity and cost low, most of the digital signal processing functionalities should be shared by the different formats.
In this paper we address the problems of carrier frequency and phase recovery as well as the tracking of fast polarization rotations for arbitrary constellations in two or four dimensions. We first report how not only carrier frequency recovery but also ADC sampling error correction can be performed using a modulation-format independent frequency-domain approach. We then report a framework where the combined impact of phase error and fast polarization rotation can be described by a rotation in a four-dimensional space and show how to efficiently estimate and compensate this rotation. We finally investigate the dynamic performance of the reported algorithms for polarization-switched QPSK and 4D 32QAM constellations using numerical simulations.
Design of complex large-scale photonic integrated circuits (PICs) based on ring-resonator structures
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