We present measurements of the temporal and polarization dependence of the nonlinear optical (NLO) response of selected organic solvents using our beam deflection (BD) method. These measurements allow us to separately determine the bound-electronic and nuclear responses which then determines the NLO response function. With this NLO response function the outcome of other experiments such as Z-scan as a function of pulse-width can be predicted. By performing similar measurements on the gas phase of these solvents we can compare the hyper-polarizabilities in the two phases.
We exploit the strong spin-orbit coupling in iridium to modify the linear absorption spectrum of a novel iridium(III) complex so as to broaden the spectral region over which it exhibits reverse saturable absorption. We discuss the design of the new chromophore, present its ground-state absorption spectrum, and report values of its singlet excited-state lifetime and singlet and triplet excited-state absorption cross sections, determined from femtosecond transient difference absorption measurements and nanosecond and picosecond open-aperture Z scans.
In this paper, a new type of waveguide switch-field induced dynamic optical waveguide switch is presented. The switching
mechanism is based on electric-field induced dynamic waveguiding effect in nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate
(KTN) crystals. By applying an electric field at different locations, different waveguide paths are created, which result in
different output locations. The major advantages of this unique optical switch are broad bandwidth, covering the entire
1300 nm – 1600 nm fiber optic communication window, and ultrafast switching speed (on the order of nanosecond), which
can be very useful for next generation optical networks such as the one used in data center networks.
Experimental measurements were performed to completely characterize the linear and nonlinear optical properties in butyl salicylate solution of a novel bipyridyl platinum(II) complex bearing benzothiazolylethynylfluorene ligands. This paper describes the analysis of the resulting experimental data and reports the values of the ground- and excited-state absorption cross sections and of the other photophysical parameters characterizing the chromophore/solvent system.
By taking advantage of the recent advances in high quality sizable KTN crystal growth, a broadband large field of view (FOV) EO modulator is developed and presented in this paper. The experimental and theoretical studies indicate that the built EO modulator not only has a broad bandwidth (~1 GHz) but also has a large FOV (+/- 30 deg) because cubic phase KTN crystals do not introduce any intrinsic birefringence without applying the external electric field.
In top-hat Z scans that employ tunable sources such as optical parametric generators without line-narrowing gratings, the size of the aperture used to clip the beam may exceed the coherence length, and the variation with z of the transverse profile of the resulting partially coherent beam may differ significantly from that of a perfect top-hat beam. After a careful validation of our experimental set-up, we perform picosecond open-aperture Z scans with a top-hat beam at selected wavelengths in the visible and nanosecond open-aperture Z scans with a spatially Gaussian beam at 532-nm wavelength on a toluene solution of a particular platinum(II) 2,2′-bipyridyl complex bearing naphthalimidylethynyl-substituted fluorenylacetylide ligands. We report values of the singlet and triplet excited-state absorption cross sections of the complex.
We give the analytical expressions of the nonlinear transmittance of materials through an aperture in the far field with finite aperture size. The result can be used under the conditions of and . Based on this equation, the nonlinear refractive index coefficients of some nanomaterials from both the closed I-scan and Z-scan measurements at 800 nm and 1064 nm were extracted, respectively. The obtained values from I-scan measurements are comparable with those from the Z-scan measurements. The nonlinear absorptions of these materials were also studied by fulfilling the open I-scan and Z-scan measurements. The advantages of I-scan technology were discussed.
Experimental investigations have shown that CdTe semiconductor microcrystals possess large third-order susceptibilities and short response times at both resonant and non-resonant wavelengths (580 nm and 1064 nm). These excellent properties indicate their potential applications in nonlinear photonic devices. In this work, we measured the nonlinear refraction and nonlinear absorption coefficients of CdTe nanocrystals using Z-scan method at 800 nm. Application in optical limiting of the sample was also demonstrated. The samples used were made by ball milling process and then embedded in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The two photon absorption (TPA) and nonlinear refraction were evaluated from the normalized transmittance with open aperture and with closed-aperture, respectively. Optical limiting studies were carried out as a function of input intensity at 800 nm. The input intensities were varied from 5 to 70 kW/cm2. The transmitted power was collected by a photo-detector through a 2-mm diameter aperture. We found that the transmitted power decreased significantly over the input intensity range of 10-20 kw/cm2.
Nonlinear transmission and optical limiting of picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses in an organic fiber core liquid are investigated. The measured effective absorption coefficients and other limiting characteristics are analyzed using a model that accounts for linear, two-photon, intermediate, and excited-state absorptions. In the picosecond regime, two-photon absorption process is the dominant mechanism. On the other hand, in the nanosecond and longer time scale, other processes such as excited state absorption and nonlinear scattering contribute significantly, giving rise to an effective nonlinear absorption coefficient that can be two orders of magnitude larger than the picosecond counterpart.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the general unclassified requirements for optical limiting devices and materials that might be used to protect U.S. military personnel and equipment from damaging laser radiation. Many researchers who consider working in this area are not familiar with the basic requirements that the U.S. military have for any material or device that would be fielded. This paper will attempt to set a general guideline for researchers in the field.
The nonlinear transmission of Zn:Tetrabenzporphyrin was measured in a Z-scan setup using 532 nm wavelength laser light with a 13 ns pulse duration. The excited-state absorption cross section, the excited-state refractive index cross section and the linear and nonlinear absorption contribution to a thermal image index change are discussed. The effects of fluorescence and acoustic waves on the nonlinear response of TBP have been determined. Limiter performance was modeled in an f/14 limiter and saturation effects were identified.
Intensity dependent nonlinear materials placed at an intermediate focal plane in a simple two lens optical imaging system will limit radiation on a detector plane. We report the dependence of the energy and fluence limiting on aperture size, nonlinear material position, and the magnitude of the nonlinearity. The approximate performance of this same imaging system is determined for a laser source located far from the limiter. The nonlinear material requirements to limit the fluence at or below some predetermined level is determined. A dynamic range for the limiting behavior is determined which includes damage to the nonlinear material.
Optical limiting devices based on nonlinear optical (NLO) materials exhibit a throughput radiation level that is related to the magnitude of the nonlinear material parameters. In order to determine the upper bound on optical limiting performance in a variety of configurations it is necessary to establish the limitations of the NLO materials themselves. Various physical mechanisms responsible for NLO behavior in the visible spectral region are examined. Some of the largest effective nonlinearities are derived. These large nonlinear values are then compared to the nonlinearities required to protect the human eye from Q-switched visible laser pulses in a 0° field-of-view (FOV) "thin" cell limiter.
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