The H-field finite element method (FEM) based full-vector formulation is used in the present work to study the vectorial
modal field properties and the complex propagation characteristics of Surface Plasmon modes of a hollow-core dielectric
coated rectangular waveguide structures, and graphene based structures. Additionally, the finite difference time domain
(FDTD) method is used to estimate the dispersion parameters and the propagation loss of such waveguides and devices.
A rigorous full-vectorial modal solution approach based on the finite element method is used to find the propagation properties of terahertz (THz) waveguides, such as photonic crystal fibers, quantum cascaded lasers, plasmonic waveguides, power splitters, and narrow-band filters. Design approaches to reduce the modal loss due to the material and leakage loss in photonic crystal fibers and in metal-coated hollow-glass plasmonic waveguides have also been considered. The plasmonic confinement and gain threshold of quantum cascaded lasers used as THz sources and the chromatic dispersion in plasmonic waveguides are also presented.
A rigorous full-vectorial modal solution approach based on the finite element method is used to find the propagation
properties of THz waveguides. Design approaches are presented to reduce the modal loss. Design of several THz
devices, including quantum cascade lasers, plasmonic waveguides, power splitters and narrow-band filters are also
presented.
Today there is an increasing surge in Surface Plasmon based research and recent studies have shown that a wide range of plasmon-based optical elements and techniques have led to the development of a variety of active switches, passive waveguides, biosensors, lithography masks, to name just a few. The Terahertz (THz) frequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum is located between the traditional microwave spectrum and the optical frequencies, and offers a significant scientific and technological potential in many fields, such as in sensing, in imaging and in spectroscopy. Waveguiding in this intermediate spectral region is a major challenge. Amongst the various THz waveguides suggested, the metal-clad waveguides supporting surface plasmon modes waves and specifically hollow core structures, coated with insulating material are showing the greatest promise as low-loss waveguides for their use in active components and as well as passive waveguides. The H-field finite element method (FEM) based full-vector formulation is used to study the vectorial modal field properties and the complex propagation characteristics of Surface Plasmon modes of a hollow-core dielectric coated rectangular waveguide structure. Additionally, the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is used to estimate the dispersion parameters and the propagation loss of the rectangular waveguide.
The terahertz (THz) region occupies a large portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, located between the microwave and
optical frequencies and normally is defined as the band ranging from 0.1 to 10 THz. In recent years, this intermediate
THz radiation band has attracted considerable interest, because it offers significant scientific and technological potential
for applications in many fields, such as sensing [1], imaging [2] and spectroscopy [3]. However, waveguiding in this
intermediate spectral region is a major challenge and strong dielectric and conductive losses in the terahertz frequency
range have been a major problem for waveguiding. The conventional guiding structures exemplified by microstrips,
coplanar striplines and coplanar waveguides [4] are highly lossy and dispersive. However, so far the most promising
dielectric waveguides have been the use of photonic crystal fibers at terahertz frequencies [5, 6] and metal coated guides
[7] at terahertz frequencies. In this paper, various types of practical dielectric and metal coated waveguides are evaluated
and design optimization of Quantum Cascade Lasers, MMI-based power splitters and narrow-band filters are presented,
by using full-vectorial finite element method [8].
In this paper a low-loss hollow-core rectangular plasmonic waveguide with a dielectric coating of Te
on is analyzed
for terahertz propagation using a full-vectorial nite element method (FEM). It has been identied that, in
contrast to the fundamental Hx10 mode, the Hx12 mode shows interesting modal properties and oers the lowest
possible loss for the structure after introducing the dielectric coating. This mode also tends to yield a near-Gaussian eld prole when the dielectric coating thickness is optimized and then it will be easy to couple
to a Gaussian shaped source. The optimization of the loss values has been evaluated by comparing the loss
characteristics for dierent dielectric materials and also by using dierent metal claddings.
The terahertz (THz) frequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum is located between the traditional microwave
spectrum and the optical frequencies, and offers a significant scientific and technological potential in many fields, such
as in sensing, in imaging and in spectroscopy. Waveguiding in this intermediate spectral region is a major challenge.
Amongst the various THz waveguides suggested, metal-clad plasmonic waveguides and specifically hollow core
structures, coated with insulating material are the most promising low-loss waveguides used in both active and passive
devices. Optical power splitters are important components in the design of optoelectronic systems and optical
communication networks such as Mach-Zehnder Interferometric switches, polarization splitter and polarization
scramblers. Several designs for the implementation of the 3dB power splitters have been proposed in the past, such as the
directional coupler-based approach, the Y-junction-based devices and the MMI-based approach. In the present paper a
novel MMI-based 3dB THz wave splitter is implemented using Gold/polystyrene (PS) coated hollow glass rectangular
waveguides. The H-field FEM based full-vector formulation is used here to calculate the complex propagation
characteristics of the waveguide structure and the finite element beam propagation method (FE-BPM) and finite
difference time domain (FDTD) approach to demonstrate the performance of the proposed 3dB splitter.
Vectorial modal field profiles and the complex propagation characteristics of Surface Plasmon modes in optical and THz
guided wave structures are presented by using a H-field based finite element method. It is shown here that by
engineering the metal electrode mode selectivity in a Quantum cascade laser can be enhanced. Additionally, it is also
shown that by introducing Teflon coating, the propagation loss of a hollow-core rectangular waveguide can be
significantly reduced.
Surface plasmons are confined to the surfaces which interact strongly with the electromagnetic waves.
They occur at the interfaces where the relative permittivities of the bounding materials are of opposite
sign. It is well know that some metals and highly doped semiconductor shows highly negative
relative permittivity and such a structure with a dielectric cladding can support surface plasmon
modes. These modes decay exponentially, they can be highly localised and can also be confined
inside a sub-wavelength size guided wave structure. A rigorous full vectorial finite element-based
approach has been developed to characterize a wide range of plasmonic devices, both at optical and
terahertz frequencies. Results for wave confinement in quantum cascaded lasers for terahertz (THz)
frequencies and metal coated photonic crystal fibres are presented.
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