Single shot SPIFI operating in the Fourier Domain is demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge. We present initial results capturing Fourier Domain single shot images with both one and two-dimensional detectors and demonstrate that the same enhanced frequency support that is characteristic of classical SPIFI translates directly into single shot SPIFI architectures as well. Linear Fourier Domain single shot SPIFI is systematically analyzed, for both types of detectors. Finally, we show that despite the complex pulse structure imposed on the illumination beam by SPIFI, nonlinear single shot SPIFI can be realized, and third harmonic generation imaging is demonstrated. Prepared by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. LLNL-ABS-860152.
SignificanceMultiphoton microscopy is a powerful imaging tool for biomedical applications. A variety of techniques and respective benefits exist for multiphoton microscopy, but an enhanced resolution is especially desired. Additionally multiphoton microscopy requires ultrafast pulses for excitation, so optimization of the pulse duration at the sample is critical for strong signals.AimWe aim to perform enhanced resolution imaging that is robust to scattering using a structured illumination technique while also providing a rapid and easily repeatable means to optimize group delay dispersion (GDD) compensation through to the sample.ApproachSpatial frequency modulation imaging (SPIFI) is used in two domains: the spatial domain (SD) and the wavelength domain (WD). The WD-SPIFI system is an in-line tool enabling GDD optimization that considers all material through to the sample. The SD-SPIFI system follows and enables enhanced resolution imaging.ResultsThe WD-SPIFI dispersion optimization performance is confirmed with independent pulse characterization, enabling rapid optimization of pulses for imaging with the SD-SPIFI system. The SD-SPIFI system demonstrates enhanced resolution imaging without the use of photon counting enabled by signal to noise improvements due to the WD-SPIFI system.ConclusionsImplementing SPIFI in-line in two domains enables full-path dispersion compensation optimization through to the sample for enhanced resolution multiphoton microscopy.
Using the structured illumination, single pixel detection imaging technique SPatIal Frequency modulation Imaging (SPIFI), we demonstrate a cascaded Wavelength Domain and Spatial Domain (WD-SD-SPIFI) system enabling real-time, in-line, second order dispersion compensation optimization for multiphoton imaging. Enhanced resolution is demonstrated by imaging a sub-diffractive 140 nm fluorescent nanodiamond with Two Photon Excitation Fluorescence (2PEF) to measure the Point Spread Function (PSF). With a 1034 nm pulsed laser through a Numerical Aperture (NA) of 0.5, a PSF Full Width at Half Max (FWHM) of 780 nm was measured with minimal post processing analysis that only requires Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs).
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