Ms. Armonía Núñez Profile

Armonía Núñez

at INTA Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (10)

Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Poster + Paper

High precision and thermally controlled Filter Wheel

Antonio Sánchez, Alejandro Gonzalo, Daniel Garranzo, Manuel Silva-López, Armonía Núñez, Hugo Laguna, María Cebollero, Ana Belén Fernández-Medina, Alberto Álvarez-Herrero

Proceedings Volume 12188, 121883A (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2629408

KEYWORDS: Optical components, Optical filters, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Switching, Switches, Tolerancing, Absorption filters, Thermal engineering, Optomechanical design, Solar telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Poster + Paper

End-to-end tests of the TuMag instrument for the SUNRISE III mission

Alberto Álvarez Herrero, Daniel Garranzo-García, Armonía Núnez, Manuel Silva-López, Antonio Campos-Jara, Pilar García Parejo, María Cebollero, Julia Atienzar, Francisco Bailén, Julian Blanco Rodríguez, Pablo Santamarina, David Orozco Suárez, Jose Carlos del Toro Iniesta

Proceedings Volume 12184, 121842F (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2629272

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Cameras, Modulation transfer functions, Polarization, Modulation, Calibration, Sun, Imaging systems, Image resolution, Fabry–Perot interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Poster + Paper

TuMag for SUNRISE III mission: development of the optical unit of an imaging spectropolarimeter

Alberto Álvarez Herrero, Ana Fernández-Medina, María Cebollero, Daniel Garranzo-García, Armonía Núñez, Alejandro Gonzalo, Antonio Sánchez, Javier Villanueva, Pilar García Parejo, Antonio Campos-Jara, Manuel Silva-López, Ricardo San Julián, Hugo Laguna

Proceedings Volume 12184, 121842G (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2629391

KEYWORDS: Fabry–Perot interferometers, Polarization, Cameras, Telescopes, Mirrors, Thermography, Sensors, Optical filters, Polarimetry, Optical components

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SPIE Journal Paper | 10 May 2019 Open Access

APIS: the miniaturized Earth observation camera on-board OPTOS CubeSat

Daniel Garranzo, Armonía Núñez, Hugo Laguna, Tomás Belenguer, Eduardo De Miguel, María Cebollero, Sergio Ibarmia, César Martínez

JARS, Vol. 13, Issue 03, 032502, (May 2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JRS.13.032502

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Sensors, Onboard cameras, Modulation transfer functions, Image processing, Glasses, Signal to noise ratio, Gamma radiation, Imaging systems, Autocollimators

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Proceedings Article | 20 November 2017 Open Access

Analysis of optical properties behaviour of CLEARCERAM, fused silica and CaF2 glasses exposed to simulated space conditions

M. Fernández-Rodríguez, C. G. Alvarado, A. Núñez, A. Álvarez-Herrero

Proceedings Volume 10565, 1056527 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2309133

KEYWORDS: Glasses, Absorption, Optical properties, Ultraviolet radiation, Gamma radiation, Silica, Refractive index, Radiation effects, Astronomical imaging, Color centers

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Optical instrumentation on-board satellites suffer degradation due to the hostile conditions of space environment. Space conditions produce instrumentation performances changes causing a decrease or a cancellation of their features. Particularly, space environment conditions have a significant influence on the optical properties of glasses which are part of space optical systems.

Space environment characteristics which effects on the optical system have to be taken into account are: outgassing, volatile components, gas or water vapor which form part of the spacecraft materials, vacuum, microgravity, micrometeorites, space debris, thermal, mechanical and radiation environment and effects of the high atmosphere [1].

This work is focused on analyzing temperature variations and ultraviolet (UV) and gamma radiation effects on the optical properties of several glasses used on space applications.

Thermal environment is composed of radiation from the Sun, the albedo and the Earth radiation and the radiation from the spacecraft to deep space. Flux and influence of temperature on satellite materials depend on factors as the period of year or the position of them on the space system. Taking into account that the transfer mechanisms of heat are limited by the conduction and the radiation, high gradients of temperature are obtained in system elements which can cause changes of their optical properties, birefringence… Also, these thermal cycles can introduce mechanical loads into material structure due to the expansion and the contraction of the material leading to mechanical performances degradation [2].

However, it is the radiation environment the main cause of damage on optical properties of materials used on space instrumentation. This environment consists of a wide range of energetic particles between keV and MeV which are trapped by the geomagnetic field or are flux of particles that cross the Earth environment from the external of the Solar System [3].

The damage produced by the radiation environment on the optical materials can be classified in two types: ionizing or non-ionizing. This damage may produce continual or accumulative (dose) alterations on the optical material performances, or may produce alterations which not remain along the time (transitory effects). The effects of the radiation on optical materials can be summarized on changes of optical transmission and refractive index, variation of density and superficial degradation [4-6].

Two non-invasive and non-destructive techniques such as Optical Spectrum Analyzer and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry [7] have been used to characterize optically the three kinds of studied glasses, CaF₂, Fused Silica and Clearceram.

The study of the temperature and radiation effects on the glasses optical properties showed that the gamma radiation is the principal responsible of glasses optical degradation. The optical properties of the Clearceram glass have been affected by the gamma irradiation due to the absorption bands induced by the radiation in the visible spectral range (color centers). Therefore, an analysis about the behavior of these color centers with the gamma radiation total dose and with the time after the irradiation has been carried out in the same way that it is performed in [8].

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Proceedings Article | 17 November 2017 Open Access

Solar orbiter/PHI full disk telescope entrance window mechanical mount

J. Barandiaran, P. Zuluaga, A. Fernandez, I. Vera, D. Garranzo, A. Nuñez, L. Bastide, M. Royo, A. Alvarez

Proceedings Volume 10563, 1056319 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2304261

KEYWORDS: Glasses, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Astronomical imaging, Titanium, Molybdenum, Scanning tunneling microscopy, Chemical elements, Safety, Space operations

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PHI is a diffraction limited, wavelength tunable, quasi-monochromatic, and polarization sensitive imager. These capabilities are needed to infer the magnetic field and line-of-sight (LOS) velocity of the region targeted by the spacecraft (spacecraft (S/C)).

PHI will consist of two telescopes: The High Resolution Telescope (HRT)[1] and the Full Disk Telescope (FDT). The HRT and the FDT will view the Sun through entrance windows located in the S/C heat shield. These windows act as heat rejecting filters with a transmission band of about 30 nm width centered on the science wavelength, such that the total transmittance (integral over the filter curve weighted with solar spectrum, including white leakage plus transmission profile of the pass band) does not exceed 4% of the total energy falling onto the window [2][3].

The HREW filter has been designed by SELEX in the framework of an ESA led technology development activity under original ESTEC contract No. 20018/06/NL/CP[4], and extensions thereof. For FDT HREW SLEX will provide the windows and it coatings.

The HREW consists of two parallel-plane substrate plates (window 1 & window 2)[5] made of SUPRASIL 300 with a central thickness of 9 mm and a wedge of 30 arcsec each. These two substrates are each coated on both sides with four different coatings. These coatings and the choice of SUPRASIL help to minimize the optical absorptivity in the substrate and to radiatively decouple the HREW, which is expected to run at high temperatures during perihelion passages, from the PHI instrument cavity.

The temperature distribution of the HREW is driven by two main factors: the mechanical mounting of the substrates to the feedthrough, and the radiative environment within the heat-shield/feedthrough assembly.

The mechanical mount must ensure the correct integration of both suprasil substrates in its correct position and minimize the loads in windows due to thermal induced deformations and launching vibration environment.

All the subsystem must survive to a launching vibration environment and fulfill optical requirements in an environmental conditions according o its position in the external part of the spacecraft with a pressure of 0.0013Pa and a temperature -163°C<T<230°C.

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Proceedings Article | 17 November 2017 Open Access

Evaluation of the refocusing system of the polarimetric helioseismic imager/full disk telescope of the solar orbiter mission

M. Silva-Lopez, J. Bonet-Navarro, A. Núñez, A. Álvarez-Herrero

Proceedings Volume 10563, 1056360 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2304142

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Space telescopes, Image processing, Polarimetry, Sun, Optical transfer functions, Astronomical imaging, Image quality, Statistical analysis, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 17 November 2017 Open Access

Optical performance of the SO/PHI full disk telescope due to temperature gradients effect on the heat rejection entrance window

D. Garranzo, A. Núñez, P. Zuluaga-Ramírez, J. Barandiarán, A. Fernández-Medina, T. Belenguer, A. Álvarez-Herrero

Proceedings Volume 10563, 105634T (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2304067

KEYWORDS: Space telescopes, Telescopes, Coating, Astronomical imaging, Wavefronts, Refractive index, Image quality, Optical filters, Thermal effects, Finite element methods

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The Polarimetric Helioseismic Imager for Solar Orbiter (SO/PHI) is an instrument on board in the Solar Orbiter mission. The Full Disk Telescope (FDT) will have the capability of providing images of the solar disk in all orbital faces with an image quality diffraction-limited. The Heat Rejection Entrance Window (HREW) is the first optical element of the instrument. Its function is to protect the instrument by filtering most of the Solar Spectrum radiation. The HREW consists of two parallel-plane plates made from Suprasil and each surface has a coating with a different function: an UV shield coating, a low pass band filter coating, a high pass band filter coating and an IR shield coating, respectively.

The temperature gradient on the HREW during the mission produces a distortion of the transmitted wave-front due to the dependence of the refractive index with the temperature (thermo-optic effect) mainly. The purpose of this work is to determine the capability of the PHI/FDT refocusing system to compensate this distortion.

A thermal gradient profile has been considered for each surface of the plates and a thermal-elastic analysis has been done by Finite Element Analysis to determine the deformation of the optical elements. The Optical Path Difference (OPD) between the incident and transmitted wavefronts has been calculated as a function of the ray tracing and the thermo-optic effect on the optical properties of Suprasil (at the work wavelength of PHI) by means of mathematical algorithms based on the 3D Snell Law. The resultant wavefronts have been introduced in the optical design of the FDT to evaluate the performance degradation of the image at the scientific focal plane and to estimate the capability of the PHI refocusing system for maintaining the image quality diffraction-limited. The analysis has been carried out considering two different situations: thermal gradients due to on axis attitude of the instrument and thermal gradients due to 1° off pointing attitude. The effect over the boresight at the instrument focal plane has also been analyzed.

The results show that the effect of the FDT HREW thermal gradients on the FDT performance can be optically corrected. The influence of the thermal gradients on the system is also presented.

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SPIE Journal Paper | 7 August 2015

Analysis and evaluation of the Full Disk Telescope refocusing mechanism for the Solar Orbiter mission

Manuel Silva-López, Daniel Garranzo-García, Antonio Sánchez, Jose Antonio Bonet-Navarro, Armonía Nuñez, Alberto Álvarez-Herrero

OE, Vol. 54, Issue 08, 084104, (August 2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.54.8.084104

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Telescopes, Image processing, Switches, Computer aided design, Space telescopes, Image analysis, Sun, Optical engineering, Solid modeling

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Proceedings Article | 2 October 1997 Paper

Bragg gratings in ORMOCERs

Tomas Belenguer, Pavel Cheben, Eva Moreno-Barriuso, Armonia Nunez, Manuel Ulibarrena, Francisco del Monte, David Levy

Proceedings Volume 3136, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.284113

KEYWORDS: Diffraction gratings, Diffraction, Holography, Ultraviolet radiation, Silica, Fiber Bragg gratings, Modulation, Helium neon lasers, Scattering, Holographic materials

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