In this paper, we demonstrated the comparison of digital-based CNT and analogue-based filament X-ray sources by taking the X-ray images of ACR mammo phantom for developing the intraoperative specimen X-ray system. The X-ray image of ACR mammo phantom taken at 25 kV 1 mA by filament shows overall the better image quality. However, when X-ray images of phantom were compared at 40 kV 1 mA by both sources, it showed that CNT X-ray source showed better image quality because of Aluminum window.
A fully commercialized intraoperative specimen radiographic system (IOSRS) based on carbon nanotube (CNT) emitter has been developed and the optimization of electron beam (E-beam) focusing characteristic of X-ray source is analyzed in this paper. The IOSRS can be used inside the operation theatre and helps reduce the surgery time during breast conserving surgery by confirming the extent of margin on specimen. For this, a highly focused X-ray source is required which depends on the focusing structure of Electron gun (E-gun). Normally, a separate focuser and grid are added in the filament X-ray tube to produce a narrow E-beam and perfectly digitalized X-ray pulses, respectively. However, in CNT based X-ray tubes, the focuser and grid can be integrated as one structure called self-focusing gate structure. The self-focusing gate structure can extract electrons and focus the E-beam producing perfect pulses of X-ray dose and simultaneously enhancing the spatial resolution quality of X-ray source. In this study, we have investigated the effect of changing the length of selffocusing gate structure on the spatial resolution capability of X-ray system and its effect on the field electron emission performance of CNT E-gun.
A microfocus X-ray source based on carbon nanotube (CNT) emitter grown by chemical vapor deposition is presented in this paper. The microfocus X-ray source is developed for the intraoperative specimen radiographic system, which can be used inside the operation theatre and helps reducing the surgery time during breast conserving surgery by confirming the extent of margin on specimen. This high focusing X-ray source is realized by growing CNTs on pointed structures. The field emission characteristic shows that maximum anode current of 1mA, which corresponds to a maximum emission current density of 500 mA/cm2 from the CNT-based point emitter. The optimized parameter for the assembly of electron gun was achieved by using commercially available CST simulation software. Consequently, this microfocus X-ray tube could produce X-ray image of multilayer printed circuit board showing fine lines of integrated circuit.
Based on the breast imaging and reporting data system (BI-RADS) for mammography (MMG) and types of cancer cells detected, a patient is listed into various categories which determine whether they should undergo biopsy or not. Generally, patients under the BI-RADS category 4 or 5 have to go through surgery. During the surgery, a pathological examination is performed with the help of a microscope and additional X-ray images of the removed tissue or breast specimen are taken to determine the positive and negative surgical margins. Although the pathological examination is the best way to determine carcinoma at the inked margin, it consumes a significant amount of time and makes the duration of the surgery longer. In this study, we propose the open-type carbon nanotube (CNT)-based X-ray system, which can be helpful to determine the carcinoma on breast specimen during breast surgery. The technique proposed in this study successfully obtained X-ray images of a breast specimen with visibly clear cancer masses. These results could pave the way for efficient determination of surgical margins by eliminating the time-consuming histological procedures.
We report the design and fabrication of a carbon nanotube (CNT) based micro-resolution field emission mobile open type x-ray system for breast imaging. It can be used efficiently during the surgery of breast cancer removal to obtain accurate resection margin in partial resection of breast specimen. The obtained x-ray image of breast specimen with the proposed system shows the clear detection of micro-calcifications.
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