Mr. Brett Farmer Profile

Brett Farmer

at Matrix Research Inc./AFRL

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Proceedings Article | 12 April 2021 Paper

t-SNE or not t-SNE, that is the question

Donald Waagen, Donald Hulsey, Jamie Godwin, David Gray, Jonathan Barton, Brett Farmer

Proceedings Volume 11729, 117290B (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585535

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Stochastic processes, Machine learning

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T-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) has become an extremely popular algorithm for low- dimensional visualization of high dimensional data. While it is acknowledged that it is highly sensitive to its parameters, it continues to be used extensively by the machine learning community, with `intuition' an accepted basis for embedding selection. In this paper, we will illustrate and explain why t-SNE is not a distance preserving algorithm, but rather order preserving, with the cardinality of the order proportional to the perplexity parameter. We compare and contrast t-SNE with Sammon Nonlinear Mappings locally using Kruskal Stress and Spearman Rank Correlation measures.

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