Mr. Brian M. Barnes Profile

Brian M. Barnes

at Univ of Michigan

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 2009 Paper

SMA wire actuator modular design framework

Jonathan Luntz, Brian Barnes, Diann Brei, Paul Alexander, Alan Browne, Nancy Johnson

Proceedings Volume 7290, 729008 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.816752

KEYWORDS: Shape memory alloys, Actuators, Computer architecture, Interfaces, Systems modeling, Human-machine interfaces, Optimization (mathematics), Data modeling, Manufacturing, Performance modeling

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Shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuators are quickly becoming technologically ready for a wider range of commercial applications due both to their exceptional actuation performance and to recent advances in the manufacture of drawn SMA wire. Shape memory alloys are complex materials requiring a breadth and depth of knowledge to successfully implement in more demanding industrial applications, knowledge to which most engineers may not have been exposed. This paper proposes a modular design framework to aid engineers at any level of expertise to synthesize and analyze SMA wire actuators. The modularity of the framework allows for changes in design, architecture, and system topology and allows for easy adaptation to the rapid research advances in the knowledge and understanding of the response and robust use of SMA. The layered structure of the framework is detailed; differentiating the design tasks by function: modeling, evaluation, optimization, and design guidance. Each layer is modular within itself, and in particular, the modeling layer allows for a variety of views to suit the expertise of individual designers. A sample design tool built within the framework is presented for the synthesis of actuators composed of multiple straight SMA wires acting against linear loads, accompanied by a physical system demonstration. This example, while basic, demonstrates the general applicability and flexibility of the framework for aiding many types of users in a large variety of SMA wire actuation design problems.

Proceedings Article | 19 March 2008 Paper

Shape memory alloy resetable spring lift for pedestrian protection

Brian Barnes, Diann Brei, Jonathan Luntz, Kenneth Strom, Alan Browne, Nancy Johnson

Proceedings Volume 6930, 693005 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.775994

KEYWORDS: Shape memory alloys, Teeth, Computer aided design, Actuators, Head, Prototyping, Ultrafast phenomena, Finite element methods, Capacitors, Safety

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Pedestrian protection has become an increasingly important aspect of automotive safety with new regulations taking effect around the world. Because it is increasingly difficult to meet these new regulations with traditional passive approaches, active lifts are being explored that increase the "crush zone" between the hood and rigid under-hood components as a means of mitigating the consequences of an impact with a non-occupant. Active lifts, however, are technically challenging because of the simultaneously high forces, stroke and quick timing resulting in most of the current devices being single use. This paper introduces the SMArt (Shape Memory Alloy ReseTable) Spring Lift, an automatically resetable and fully reusable device, which couples conventional standard compression springs to store the energy required for a hood lift, with Shape Memory Alloys actuators to achieve both an ultra high speed release of the spring and automatic reset of the system for multiple uses. Each of the four SMArt Device subsystems, lift, release, lower and reset/dissipate, are individually described. Two identical complete prototypes were fabricated and mounted at the rear corners of the hood, incorporated within a full-scale vehicle testbed at the SMARTT (Smart Material Advanced Research and Technology Transfer) lab at University of Michigan. Full operational cycle testing of a stationary vehicle in a laboratory setting confirms the ultrafast latch release, controlled lift profile, gravity lower to reposition the hood, and spring recompression via the ratchet engine successfully rearming the device for repeat cycles. While this is only a laboratory demonstration and extensive testing and development would be required for transition to a fielded product, this study does indicate that the SMArt Lift has promise as an alternative approach to pedestrian protection.

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