We demonstrate an optofluidic flow rate sensor based on the heat transfer effect in a microfluidic channel for the lab-on-a-chip applications. By employing an optofluidic ring resonator (OFRR), the wavelength shift of the resonant dip of the whispering gallery mode is detected as a function of the flow rate when the flow is heated by a 1480 nm laser. A measurement range of 2 μL/min - 100 μL/min, a minimum detectable change of 30 nL/min for the flow rate detection are achieved. Experimental results indicate that the OFRR flow rate sensor has good repeatability and the inverse sensitivity is beneficial for detecting the low flow rate with high sensitivity.
The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been extensively used in biochemistry for its ability to amplify a weak signal. By using HRP catalyzed substrate as the gain medium, we demonstrate sensitive ion concentration detection based on the optofluidic laser. The enzyme catalyzed reaction occurs in bulk solution inside a Fabry-Perot laser cavity, where the colorless, non-fluorescent 10-Acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine (ADHP) substrate is oxidized to produce highly fluorescent resorufin. Laser emission is achieved when pumped with the second harmonic wave of a Q-switched YAG laser. Further, we use sulfide anion (S2-) as an example to investigate the sensing performance of enzyme catalyzed optofluidic laser. The laser onset time difference between the sample to be tested and the reference is set to be the sensing output. Thanks to the amplification effects of both the enzymatic reaction and laser emission, we achieve a detection limit of 10 nM and a dynamic range of 3 orders of magnitude.
Wavelength, linewidth and divergence angle of light source are crucial in high precision SPR measurement and investigated respectively in this paper. Theoretical modeling and simulation results show that the resonance angle is more sensitive to short wavelength, and both linewidth and divergence angle broaden and reduce the depth of the resonance peak. Increment of linewidth and divergence angle can also result in a larger resonance angle.
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