The ability to image tumor associated protease in vivo has biological and clinical implications. In the present study, we describe the development and validation of a urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) sensitive fluorescence imaging probe. The activation of our probe is highly specific to uPA in both enzymatic and cellular-based assays. In two distinct in-vivo tumor models (human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 and human fibrosarcoma HT-1080), the observed fluorescence changes correlate well with tumor associated uPA activity. The signal intensities of the tumors are about three-fold higher in animals with probe injections. Our results suggest a direct detection method for uPA activity in vivo and the approach can be used for monitoring tumor growth and development.
Proteases are involved in the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Cathepsin B overexpression has been shown in some neoplastic tissues. This study assesses the expression of Cathepsin B in the human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) in the mouse model by near-infrared (NIR) imaging. The nude mice were intravenously injected "a stealth probe" - an activable Cathepsin B sensing near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) probe (24 hours before sacrifice) and the dye Cy5.5 (30 seconds before sacrifice). The animals were freeze-trapped and NIR images were obtained by the low temperature NIR scanner at the following excitation-emission wavelength pairs: 366, 450nm (NADH), 436, 520nm (FAD), and 670, 695nm (Cathepsin B probe). After imaging, the samples were submitted for histopathological evaluation. The tumor redox ratio NADH/(NADH+FAD) increased significantly because of the hypoxic state of tumor tissue with respect to normal tissue. The Cathepsin B probe was uniformly distributed throughout the tumor. This study indicated the efficient usage of the Cathepsin B probe in the molecular imaging for the detection of the early stage tumors.
The objective of this paper is to study the distribution of the near infrared contrast agents delivered to mice bearing with small tumors in subsurface. Two kinds of contrast agents, NN382:ex760nm/em800nm and CY5.5:ex660nm/em700nm, which were activated by specific enzymes in tumors after bounded with certain delivery vehicle, were studied by using the 3D high spatial resolution image system. Flavoprotein and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in tissue are measured simultaneously as intrinsic agents for study the effect of extrinsic contrast agents on redox state in tumor.
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