Mr. Clifford A. Klein Profile

Clifford A. Klein

at Jet Propulsion Lab

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (2)

Proceedings Article | 30 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Preliminary alignment, characterization, and comparison of next generation carbon mapping imaging spectrometers

Sander Zandbergen, Lucas Shaw, Clifford Klein, David Thompson, Robert Green, Riley Duren, Megan Gibson, Hovik Nazaryan, Christopher Smith, Blaze Cubanski, Paul Giuliano, Justin Haag, Caroline Pritchett

Proceedings Volume 12688, 126880C (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678614

KEYWORDS: Hyperspectral imaging, Spectrometers, Equipment, Carbon, Telescopes, Planets, Space operations, Optical design, Optical alignment, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Characterization of multilayer piezoelectric stacks down to 100K for surface parallel mirror actuation

Stewart Sherrit, Carey L. Weisberg, Erin Sidick, Will Krieger, Carlos Gross Jones, Scott A. Basinger, Clifford A. Klein, Mircea Badescu, Alexander J. Ramirez, Joseph Sauvageau, Keith Coste

Proceedings Volume 12188, 121881N (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2634962

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Mirrors, Ferroelectric materials, Wavefronts, Aluminum, Control systems, Ceramics, Titanium, Power supplies, Capacitance, Piezoelectric driven mechanisms

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The next generation of space telescopes will require large segmented apertures for observations in the near ultraviolet through mid and far-infrared regions to enable new science ranging from exoplanet characterization to precision astronomical observations that refine astrophysics models. Recent concept studies, such as LUVOIR, HabEx, and Origins, and the future IR/O/UV Large Strategic Mission telescope for exoplanet characterization and general astronomy discussed in the 2021 Decadal Survey "Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s” include segmented telescopes that are capable of observations in UV through IR bands and thus drive the need for optical surface performance at cryogenic temperatures. These spaceborne mirror applications require precision control, and these segments will require actuators for controlled surface displacements capable of operation at cryogenic temperatures (<150 K). This paper presents a testbed mirror design to test out new actuators and control strategies. This work is directed at understanding the performance of piezoelectric multilayer stack actuator operation down to 100 K, which will provide actuator designers the critical information needed to model and predict performance. The data reported down to 100 K include: displacement/strain and capacitance as a function of applied voltage, stiffness, hysteresis, blocking force, DC resistance measurements, thermal strains, and the coefficients of thermal expansion as a function of the electrical boundary conditions. The actuators include a strain gauge to allow for closed loop control. This approach allows for a comparison of potential open-loop control drive strategies and associated errors reported in previous work. Surface actuation measurements using flexure-based actuators on aluminum mirror segments at room temperature will also be presented. In addition, we will present techniques to optimize displacement per voltage using amplified piezoelectric flexures and the potential to develop mirrors that can be operated at cryogenic temperatures by carefully choosing flexure materials and geometry.

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