We have developed a stochastic photon transport model in multilayer skin tissue in an effort to study normal and bruised skins. The model uses a detailed seven layer skin approximation allowing more biologically relevant input than previous models using one or three layers. Our model is improved with clinically obtained reactance spectra in an effort to develop time correlations of chromophore concentrations in developing bruises. This combination of modeling and spectroscopic measurements provides a new tool for detailed, non-invasive studies of human skin tissue.
Medical expertise is frequently elicited to aid in determining the age and the cause of the trauma or injury.
Child protection and law enforcement frequently rely on the physical assessment of the trauma which involves
delineating intentional from unintentional types of trauma. Recent studies have shown that current methods to
assess the age of traumatic injuries are highly inaccurate and do not give reasonable predictions.
Hemoglobin is one of the strongest chromophores in human tissues. Transport of hemoglobin and its breakdown
products in tissue determines the spectrophotometric characteristics of the skin and its variations in time.
Therefore, measurements of diffuse reflective spectra of the skin allow noninvasive screening.
This paper reviews potential transmission and diffusive reflection spectroscopy based techniques and predictive
and quantitative modeling methods assisting in efficient retrieval of the age of extravascular contusions. This
paper then presents a novel Monte Carlo technique for 3D photon tracking and blood transport model. In future
studies, clinically obtained spectra will be used to validate the model as well as fine-tune coefficients for absorption.
It is the goal of this study to develop a model that would allow a non-invasive, accurate determination of
the age of a bruise.
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