Mr. Darell E. Engelhaupt Profile

Darell E. Engelhaupt

Professor Emeritus

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Author

Publications (25)

Proceedings Article | 7 October 2011 Paper

Improved release coatings for electroformed x-ray optics

S. Romaine, J. Boike, R. Bruni, D. Engelhaupt, P. Gorenstein, B. Ramsey

Proceedings Volume 8147, 81470W (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.896000

KEYWORDS: Multilayers, X-ray optics, X-ray telescopes, Optical coatings, Nickel, Data modeling, Tin, X-ray astronomy, Space telescopes, Astronomical telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 31 August 2009 Paper

Mandrel replication for hard x-ray optics using titanium nitride

S. Romaine, J. Boike, R. Bruni, D. Engelhaupt, P. Gorenstein, M. Gubarev, B. Ramsey

Proceedings Volume 7437, 74370Y (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.829583

KEYWORDS: Tin, Multilayers, Gold, Nickel, X-ray optics, Data modeling, Prototyping, Surface finishing, Hard x-rays, X-ray telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2008 Paper

Technology development for nickel x-ray optics enhancement

Mikhail Gubarev, Brian Ramsey, Darell Engelhaupt, William Arnold

Proceedings Volume 7011, 701133 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789190

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Polishing, Surface finishing, X-ray optics, Nickel, Sensors, Tolerancing, Optical alignment, Actuators, Coating

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2007 Paper

Development of a prototype nickel optic for the Constellation-X hard x-ray telescope

S. Romaine, S. Basso, R. Bruni, W. Burkert, O. Citterio, V. Cotroneo, D. Engelhaupt, M. Freyberg, P. Gorenstein, M. Gubarev, G. Hartner, F. Mazzoleni, S. O'Dell, G. Pareschi, B. Ramsey, C. Speegle, D. Spiga

Proceedings Volume 6688, 668804 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.736063

KEYWORDS: X-ray telescopes, Nickel, X-ray optics, Atomic force microscopy, Space telescopes, Hard x-rays, Titanium, Gold, Prototyping, Polishing

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Proceedings Article | 15 March 2007 Paper

Low-cost EUV collector development: design, process, and fabrication

Ranju Venables, Michael Goldstein, Darell Engelhaupt, Sang Lee, Eric Panning

Proceedings Volume 6517, 65171T (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.713120

KEYWORDS: Optical design, Surface finishing, Polishing, Glasses, Extreme ultraviolet, Nickel, Ruthenium, Extreme ultraviolet lithography, Reflectivity, Coating

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Cost of ownership (COO) is an area of concern that may limit the adoption and usage of Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL). One of the key optical components that contribute to the COO budget is the collector. The collectors being fabricated today are based on existing x-ray optic design and fabrication processes. The main contributors to collector COO are fabrication cost and lifetime. We present experimental data and optical modeling to demonstrate a roadmap for optimized efficiency and a possible approach for significant reduction in collector COO. Current state of the art collectors are based on a Wolter type-1 design and have been adapted from x-ray telescopes. It uses a long format that is suitable for imaging distant light sources such as stars. As applied to industrial equipment and very bright nearby sources, however, a Wolter collector tends to be expensive and requires significant debris shielding and integrated cooling solutions due to the source proximity and length of the collector shells. Three collector concepts are discussed in this work. The elliptical collector that has been used as a test bed to demonstrate alternative cost effective fabrication method has been optimized for collection efficiency. However, this fabrication method can be applied to other optical designs as well. The number of shells and their design may be modified to increase the collection efficiency and to accommodate different EUV sources The fabrication process used in this work starts with a glass mandrel, which is elliptical on the inside. A seed layer is coated on the inside of the glass mandrel, which is then followed by electroplating nickel. The inside/exposed surface of the electroformed nickel is then polished to meet the figure and finish requirements for the particular shell and finally coated with Ru or a multilayer film depending on the angle of incidence of EUV light. Finally the collector shell is released from the inside surface of the mandrel. There are several potential cost and fabrication advantages to this process. There is flexibility in the choice of material for producing the mandrel - this allows for optimizing the cost of fabrication of the mandrel. Moreover, since the final surface and figure of the collector optic can be modified, after electroforming the optic, the mandrel, in principle does not have a limited lifetime. Finally, the mandrel provides mechanical support to the electroformed optic throughout the fabrication process, thereby reducing deformation of the optic during polishing and coating. The optical design, optimization of collection efficiency, fabrication and characterization results is discussed in this work.

Proceedings Article | 13 June 2006 Paper

Development of a prototype nickel optic for the Constellation-X hard x-ray telescope: IV

S. Romaine, S. Basso, R. Bruni, W. Burkert, O. Citterio, G. Conti, D. Engelhaupt, M. Freyberg, M. Ghigo, P. Gorenstein, M. Gubarev, G. Hartner, F. Mazzoleni, S. O'Dell, G. Pareschi, B. Ramsey, C. Speegle, D. Spiga

Proceedings Volume 6266, 62661C (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672052

KEYWORDS: X-ray telescopes, Multilayers, Prototyping, X-rays, Hard x-rays, Space telescopes, Mirrors, X-ray optics, Telescopes, Optical fabrication

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2006 Paper

Technology development for high-energy x-ray optics

Mikhail Gubarev, Brian Ramsey, Darell Engelhaupt, Thomas Kester, Chet Speegle

Proceedings Volume 6266, 62661I (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.671736

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Polishing, Head, Surface finishing, X-ray optics, Nickel, Plating, Prisms, Metrology, Spatial resolution

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Proceedings Article | 15 September 2005 Paper

Metrology for the development of high-energy x-ray optics

Mikhail Gubarev, Brian Ramsey, Darell Engelhaupt, Chet Speegle, Martin Smithers

Proceedings Volume 5921, 592108 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.621170

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, X-rays, Metrology, Plating, X-ray optics, Spatial resolution, Aluminum, Temperature metrology, Head, Geometrical optics

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Proceedings Article | 8 September 2005 Paper

Development of a prototype nickel optic for the Constellation-X hard x-ray telescope: III

Proceedings Volume 5900, 59000S (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.620438

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Prototyping, X-ray optics, Coating, Data modeling, Multilayers, X-ray telescopes, Nickel, Photons, Hard x-rays

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Proceedings Article | 28 March 2005 Paper

Autonomous long-range open area fire detection and reporting

Darell Engelhaupt, Patrick Reardon, Lisa Blackwell, Lance Warden, Brian Ramsey

Proceedings Volume 5782, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.605926

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Flame detectors, Mirrors, Infrared sensors, Ultraviolet radiation, Signal detection, Optics manufacturing, Infrared detectors, UV optics, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 29 January 2004 Paper

Figure measurements of high-energy x-ray replicated optics

Mikhail Gubarev, Brian Ramsey, Thomas Kester, Chet Speegle, Darell Engelhaupt, Greg Martin

Proceedings Volume 5168, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.508336

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, X-rays, Head, Prisms, Metrology, X-ray optics, Sensors, Grazing incidence, Profilometers, Spatial resolution

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Proceedings Article | 29 January 2004 Paper

Development of a prototype nickel optic for the Constellation-X hard x-ray telescope

Suzanne Romaine, Stefano Basso, Ricardo Bruni, Oberto Citterio, Darell Engelhaupt, Mauro Ghigo, Paul Gorenstein, Mikhail Gubarev, Francesco Mazzoleni, Stephen O'Dell, Giovanni Pareschi, Giancarlo Parodi, Brian Ramsey, Chet Speegle

Proceedings Volume 5168, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.508096

KEYWORDS: Coating, Prototyping, Optical fabrication, Multilayers, Mirrors, X-ray optics, Nickel, X-ray telescopes, Telescopes, Iridium

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Proceedings Article | 29 January 2004 Paper

The development of hard x-ray optics at MSFC

Brian Ramsey, Ron Elsner, Darell Engelhaupt, Mikhail Gubarev, Jeffery Kolodziejczak, Stephen O'Dell, Chet Speegle, Martin Weisskopf

Proceedings Volume 5168, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.509619

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Nickel, Telescopes, X-ray optics, Multilayers, Sensors, Prototyping, Spatial resolution, Surface finishing, Iridium

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Proceedings Article | 11 March 2003 Paper

Development of hard x-ray optics at MSFC

Brian Ramsey, Ronald Elsner, Darell Engelhaupt, Stephen O'Dell, Chet Speegle, Martin Weisskopf

Proceedings Volume 4851, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.461597

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Nickel, Plating, Surface finishing, X-ray optics, Sensors, Spatial resolution, Optical fabrication, Prototyping, Observatories

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Proceedings Article | 30 January 2002 Paper

HERO: program status and first images from a balloon-borne focusing hard x-ray telescope

Brian Ramsey, Cheryl Alexander, Jeff Apple, C. Benson, Kurtis Dietz, Ronald Elsner, Darell Engelhaupt, Kajal Ghosh, Jeffery Kolodziejczak, Stephen O'Dell, Chet Speegle, Douglas Swartz, Martin Weisskopf

Proceedings Volume 4496, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.454369

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Sensors, Iridium, X-ray telescopes, Spatial resolution, Geometrical optics, Nickel, Coating, Optical benches, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 28 November 2000 Paper

New alloys for electroformed replicated x-ray optics

Darell Engelhaupt, Brian Ramsey, Stephen O'Dell, William Jones, J. Kevin Russell

Proceedings Volume 4138, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.407555

KEYWORDS: Nickel, Cobalt, Phosphorus, Mirrors, Plating, Metals, X-ray optics, X-rays, Aluminum, Gold

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Proceedings Article | 28 November 2000 Paper

HERO: high-energy replicated optics for a hard-x-ray balloon payload

Brian Ramsey, Cheryl Alexander, Jeff Apple, Robert Austin, C. Benson, Kurtis Dietz, Ronald Elsner, Darell Engelhaupt, Jeffery Kolodziejczak, Stephen O'Dell, Chet Speegle, Douglas Swartz, Martin Weisskopf, G. Zirnstein

Proceedings Volume 4138, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.407554

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Sensors, Nickel, Surface finishing, Spatial resolution, Optical alignment, Cameras, Polishing, Aluminum, Scintillation

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2000 Paper

Development of Constellation-X optics technologies at MSFC

Stephen O'Dell, William Jones, Brian Ramsey, Darell Engelhaupt, W. Scott Smith, Lester Cohen, Leon Van Speybroeck

Proceedings Volume 4012, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.391568

KEYWORDS: Nickel, Spectroscopy, Mirrors, X-rays, X-ray optics, Observatories, Ions, X-ray telescopes, Space telescopes, Space operations

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Proceedings Article | 22 October 1999 Paper

HERO program: high-energy replicated optics for a hard-x-ray balloon payload

Brian Ramsey, Darell Engelhaupt, Chet Speegle, Stephen O'Dell, Robert Austin, Jeffery Kolodziejczak, Martin Weisskopf

Proceedings Volume 3765, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.366569

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Spatial resolution, Nickel, Sensors, Iridium, Aluminum, X-ray astronomy, Metrology

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Proceedings Article | 22 October 1999 Paper

Constellation-X Spectroscopy X-ray Telescope requirements and development program: MSFC research program

Stephen O'Dell, William Jones, J. Kevin Russell, Brian Ramsey, Darell Engelhaupt, Lester Cohen, Leon Van Speybroeck

Proceedings Volume 3765, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.366565

KEYWORDS: Nickel, Mirrors, X-ray optics, Spectroscopy, X-rays, X-ray telescopes, Ceramics, Composites, Space telescopes, X-ray technology

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Proceedings Article | 19 November 1998 Paper

Calibration results for the AXAF flight contamination monitor

Ronald Elsner, Stephen O'Dell, Brian Ramsey, Allyn Tennant, Martin Weisskopf, Jeffery Kolodziejczak, Douglas Swartz, Darell Engelhaupt, Gordon Garmire, John Nousek, Mark Bautz, Terrance Gaetz, Ping Zhao

Proceedings Volume 3444, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.331235

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Charge-coupled devices, Contamination, Sensors, Silver, X-rays, Mirrors, Ray tracing, Manganese, Optical amplifiers

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Proceedings Article | 6 September 1995 Paper

Design and fabrication of low-cost x-ray mirrors

Anees Ahmad, Darell Engelhaupt, Chen Feng, Ye Li

Proceedings Volume 2542, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.218654

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Nickel, X-rays, Surface finishing, Plating, Aluminum, Polishing, X-ray optics, Gold, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 11 November 1994 Paper

Replication of Wolter I x-ray mirrors by electroforming techniques

Darell Engelhaupt, Robert Rood, Steven Fawcett, C. Griffith

Proceedings Volume 2279, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.193161

KEYWORDS: Nickel, Gold, Oxides, Mirrors, Plating, Surface finishing, X-rays, Aluminum, Polishing, Diamond

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Proceedings Article | 17 October 1994 Paper

Cryogenic afocal beam expander using two single-piece Cassegrain mirrors

Darell Engelhaupt, Chen Feng, John Cernosek

Proceedings Volume 2269, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.188652

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Sensors, Image processing, Staring arrays, Beam expanders, Reflectivity, Imaging systems, Diamond machining, Telescopes, Cryogenics

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Proceedings Article | 17 October 1994 Paper

Material selection for lightweight optical components in fieldable military optical test set

Darell Engelhaupt, Anees Ahmad, George Lewis, Gene George

Proceedings Volume 2269, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.188651

KEYWORDS: Silicon, Aluminum, Silicon carbide, Heat treatments, Iron, Optical components, Copper, Optics manufacturing, Beryllium, Infrared technology

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Showing 5 of 25 publications

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