With enhanced performance of computing facilities the iterative design of phase diffractive optical elements
(DOEs) has become widely accepted. A great number of up-to-date technologies for DOE fabrication make use of the
approximation of the commonly continous DOE phase function by a picewise continuos (quantized) function. This is the
reason why constructing iterative procedures for the design of quantized DOEs (DOEs with quiantized phase function)
has become topical. Designing quantized DOEs with small number of quantization levels using Fienup-type iterative
algorithms (or IFTA-algorithms) is hampered by the necessity to solve the diffractive theory inverse task at every
iteration. Besides, using of such algorithms cannot guarantee convergence to global optimum. The use of stochastic
procedures does not make it necessary to solve the inverse task. This paper deals with application of the known genetic
stochastic procedure to determine the optimum of the function of many variables to designing quantized DOEs forming
pre-given intensity distribution along an axial focal zone. Computer simulation results as well as experimental results are
presented.
Optical lithography with its 193nm technology is pushed to reach and shift its limits even further. There is strong
demand on innovations in illumination part of exposure tools. Current illumination systems consisting of diffractive and
refractive optical elements offer numerous benefits such as optimized laser beam shape with high homogeneity and high
numerical aperture enabling high efficiency.
LIMO's unique production technology is capable to manufacture free form surfaces on monolithic arrays larger than
250mm with high precision and reproducibility. Different kinds of intensity distributions with best uniformities or
customized profiles have been achieved by using LIMO's refractive optical elements.
Recently LIMO pushed the limits of this lens production technology and was able to manufacture first diffractive optical
elements (DOE) based on continuous relief's profile. Beside for the illumination devices in lithography, DOEs find wide
use in optical devices for other technological applications, such as optical communications and data processing.
Up to now DOE designs follow the principle of phase diffraction gratings. Its diffraction structure with a periodic phase
profile performs a superposition of beams with predefined energy ratios. Due to the application for high precise laser-beam
shaping and beam splitting in optical technologies and optical fiber networks, number of grating orders is increased
up to some tens or even hundreds. Classic lithographic technologies lead to quantized (step-like) profiles of diffractive
micro-reliefs, which causes a decrease of beam splitter's diffractive efficiency. The newest development of LIMO's
microlens fabrication technology allows us to make a step from free programmable microlens profiles to diffractive
optical elements with high efficiency. Our first results of this approach are demonstrated in this paper. Diffractive beam
splitters are presented. A special mathematical method is used to design diffractive optical elements with continuous
surface profiles. Comparison between theoretical simulations and experimental results shows very good correlation.
LIMO's unique production technology is capable to manufacture free form surfaces on monolithic arrays larger than 250
mm with high precision and reproducibility. Different kinds of intensity distributions with best uniformities or
customized profiles have been achieved by using LIMO's refractive optical elements. Recently LIMO pushed the limits
of this lens production technology and was able to manufacture first diffractive optical elements (DOEs) based on
continuous relief's profile.
Beside for the illumination devices in lithography, DOEs find wide use in optical devices for other technological
applications, such as optical communications, laser technologies and data processing. Classic lithographic technologies
lead to quantized (step-like) profiles of diffractive micro-reliefs, which cause a decrease of DOE's diffractive efficiency.
The newest development of LIMO's microlens fabrication technology allows us to make a step from free programmable
microlens profiles to diffractive optical elements with high efficiency. Our first results of this approach are demonstrated
in this paper. Diffractive beam splitters with continuous profile are fabricated and investigated. The results of profile
measurements and intensity distribution of the diffractive beam splitters are given. The comparison between theoretical
simulations and experimental results shows very good correlation.
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