We will present how to fabricate nanoantennas and metasurfaces in van der Waarls (vdW) materials in a variety of geometries and a range of photonic applications. We observed Mie resonances as well as strong coupling between the excitonic features and anapole modes in the vdW nanoantenna. Due to the weak vdW interactions of the nanoresonators and the substrate, we were able to use an atomic force microscopy cantilever in the repositioning of double-pillar nanoantennas to achieve ultra-small gaps of 10 nm. By employing a monolayer of WS2 as the gain material, we observe room temperature Purcell enhancement of emission as well as low temperature formation of single photon emitters with enhanced quantum efficiencies. More recently, we have also achieved bound states in the continuum ultra-low threshold lasing with these materials, highlighting the vdW materials as a promising platform for optoelectronic devices.
While high index dielectrics and plasmonics offer many opportunities for research and techonology in the field of nanophotonics, 2D materials can expand this potential in the visible and near-infrared due to high refractive indices, a large range of transparency windows, and new fabrication possibilities due to van der Waals adhesion to any substrate. We extract dielectric constants of 11 layered materials including TMDs, III-VI semiconductors, and magnetics. We fabricate nanoantennas and observe Mie resonances as well as strong coupling of TMD excitons and anapole modes with Rabi splittings of 140 meV. We also observe room temperature Purcell enhancement of WSe2 monolayer emission and low temperature formation of single photon emitters with enhanced quantum efficiencies. Due to weak adhesion to the substrate, we employed an AFM tip in the repositioning of dimer nanoantennas to form ultra-small hotspots enabling optical trapping of quantum emitters with Purcell factors above 150.
Nanophotonic structures optimise the strength of optical forces, enabling trapping at the nanoscale. To improve the impact of nanotweezers in biological studies, it is necessary to move from individual traps to large multiplexed arrays. Here, we discuss the state-of-the-art of nanotweezers for multiplexed trapping, describing advantages and drawbacks of the configurations that have demonstrated the strongest impact in this field. Finally, we focus on our latest results with a dielectric metasurface that supports strong resonances with thousands of trapping sites. We demonstrate near-field enhancement and simulate trapping performance for 100 nm particles, verifying the possibility to trap > 1000 particles with a low total power of P < 30 mW. The multiplexed trapping with dielectric metasurfaces can open up new biological studies on viruses and vesicles.
We demonstrate novel principles relating biomolecular binding on the surface of dielectric nanostructures to phase differences between two modes in miniaturized optical setups and show the challenging detection of small infection-biomarkers at clinically relevant concentrations.
Guidelines for the design and fabrication of polymer photonic crystal channel drop filters for coarse wavelength division multiplexing are provided. A Fabry-Perot cavity consisting of a membrane-type slab photonic crystal, where a hole row perpendicular to the propagation direction is removed, is considered. We selected nanoimprinting as the manufacturing technique. The influence on the cavity performance of several key parameters, i.e., polymer core material, lattice geometry, defect length, and holes’ radius, has been investigated in a device compliant with the requirement of the ITU-T G.694.2 standard. A detailed analysis of the fabrication tolerances has been carried out at 1551 nm. The maximum acceptable drift of the geometrical parameters has been accurately evaluated by using the finite element method to prove that the fabrication tolerances do not significantly affect the performance of polymer filters for coarse wavelength division multiplexing, when manufactured by thermal nanoimprinting lithography.
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