Dr. Erik H. M. Heijne Profile

Dr. Erik H. M. Heijne

Instrumentation Physicist at CERN

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (2)

This will count as one of your downloads.

You will have access to both the presentation and article (if available).

DOWNLOAD NOW

This content is available for download via your institution's subscription. To access this item, please sign in to your personal account.

Email or Username Forgot your username?

Password Forgot your password?

Show

Keep me signed in

No SPIE account? Create an account

Proceedings Article | 29 September 2004 Paper

Imaging by photon counting with 256x256 pixel matrix

Lukas Tlustos, Michael Campbell, Erik Heijne, Xavier Llopart

Proceedings Volume 5501, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.551518

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Imaging systems, Electrons, Signal processing, Silicon, Semiconductors, Photon counting, X-rays, Amplifiers, X-ray imaging

Read Abstract +

Using 0.25μm standard CMOS we have developed 2-D semiconductor matrix detectors with sophisticated functionality integrated inside each pixel of a hybrid sensor module. One of these sensor modules is a matrix of 256x256 square 55μm pixels intended for X-ray imaging. This device is called 'Medipix2' and features a fast amplifier and two-level discrimination for signals between 1000 and 100000 equivalent electrons, with overall signal noise ~150 e- rms. Signal polarity and comparator thresholds are programmable. A maximum count rate of nearly 1 MHz per pixel can be achieved, which corresponds to an average flux of 3x10exp10 photons per cm2. The selected signals can be accumulated in each pixel in a 13-bit register. The serial readout takes 5-10 ms. A parallel readout of ~300 μs could also be used. Housekeeping functions such as local dark current compensation, test pulse generation, silencing of noisy pixels and threshold tuning in each pixel contribute to the homogeneous response over a large sensor area. The sensor material can be adapted to the energy of the X-rays. Best results have been obtained with high-resistivity silicon detectors, but also CdTe and GaAs detectors have been used. The lowest detectable X-ray energy was about 4 keV. Background measurements have been made, as well as measurements of the uniformity of imaging by photon counting. Very low photon count rates are feasible and noise-free at room temperature. The readout matrix can be used also with visible photons if an energy or charge intensifier structure is interposed such as a gaseous amplification layer or a microchannel plate or acceleration field in vacuum.

Proceedings Article | 10 November 1998 Paper

Performance of a 4096-pixel photon counting chip

Maria Bisogni, M. Campbell, M. Conti, Pasquale Delogu, Maria Fantacci, Erik Heijne, Paolo Maestro, G. Magistrati, V. Marzulli, G. Meddeler, Bettina Mikulec, Elena Pernigotti, Valeria Rosso, C. Schwarz, W. Snoeys, Simone Stumbo, J. Watt

Proceedings Volume 3445, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.330288

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Electronics, Photon counting, Gallium arsenide, Aluminum, Signal detection, Camera shutters, X-ray detectors, X-rays, Capacitance

Read Abstract +

A 4096 pixel Photon Counting Chip (PCC) has been developed and tested. It is aimed primarily at medical imaging although it can be used for other applications involving particle counting. The readout chip consists of a matrix of 64 by 64 identical square pixels, whose side measures 170 micrometers and is bump-bonded to a similar matrix of GaAs or Si pixel diodes covering a sensitive area of 1.18 cm². The electronics in each cell comprises a preamplifier, a discriminator with variable threshold and a 3-bit threshold tune as well as a 15-bit counter. Each pixel can be individually addressed for electrical test or masked during acquisition. A shutter allows for switching between the counting and readout modes and the use of static logic in the counter enables long data taking periods. Electrical test of the chip have shown a maximum counting and readout modes and the use of static logic in the counter enables long data taking periods. Electrical test of the chip have shown a maximum counting rate of up to 2 MHz in each pixel. The minimum reachable threshold is 1400 e with a variation of 350 e rms that can be reduced to 80 e rms after tuning with the 3-bit adjustment. Electrical noise at the input is 170 e rms. Several read-out chips have been bump bonded to 200 micrometers thick GaAs pixel detectors. Test with (gamma) -ray and (beta) sources have been carried out. A number of objects have been imaged and a 260 micrometers thick aluminum foil which represents a contrast to the surrounding air of only 1.9 percent has been correctly imaged.

My Library

You currently do not have any folders to save your paper to! Create a new folder below.

Folder Name

Folder Description

View contact details

UPDATE YOUR PROFILE

Is this your profile? Update it now.

Sign into your SPIE.org account

Don’t have a profile and want one?

Create an account on SPIE.org

Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks. You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*

*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please sign in to access your institution's subscriptions.

To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on SPIE.org.

ORGANIZATIONAL
Sign in with credentials provided by your organization.

Organizational Username

Organizational Password

Show/Hide Password

INSTITUTIONAL
Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.

SELECT YOUR INSTITUTION

PERSONAL
Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.

PERSONAL SIGN IN

No SPIE Account? Create one

PURCHASE THIS CONTENT

SUBSCRIBE TO DIGITAL LIBRARY

50 downloads per 1-year subscription

Members: $195

Non-members: $335 ADD TO CART

25 downloads per 1 - year subscription

Members: $145

Non-members: $250 ADD TO CART

PURCHASE SINGLE ARTICLE

Includes PDF, HTML & Video, when available

Members:

Non-members: ADD TO CART

Keywords/Phrases

Search In:

Publication Years