Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system is widely used as a monitoring system in communication cable and pipeline of long distances. When a vibration signal occurs at a particular position along the fiber, the response of the system, in the frequency domain, presents a series of periodic maxima and minima (or null frequencies). These minima depend on the position of the vibration signal along the fiber. Power spectral estimation methods are considered to denoise the power spectrum of the system and determine these minima precisely. The experimental results show higher accuracy of the position using a parametric model with appropriate selection of order p and q than just using fast Fourier transform algorithm.
Distributed optic fiber sensor is a new type of system, which could be used in the long-distance and strong-EMI condition for monitoring and inspection. A method of external modulation with a phase modulator is proposed in this paper to improve the positioning accuracy of the disturbance in a distributed optic-fiber sensor. We construct distributed disturbance detecting system based on Michelson interferometer, and a phase modulator has been attached to the fiber sensor in front of the Faraday rotation mirror (FRM), to elevate the signal produced by interfering of the two lights reflected by the Faraday rotation Mirror to a high frequency, while other signals remain in the low frequency. Through a high pass filter and phase retrieve circus, a signal which is proportional to the external disturbance is acquired. The accuracy of disturbance positioning with this signal can be largely improved. The method is quite simple and easy to achieve. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that, this method can effectively improve the positioning accuracy.
Distributed fiber vibration sensing system is widely used in the field of wide area
security, communication cable of long distances and pipeline security. The principle of the
system is that for a vibration signal applied at a particular position along the fiber, the
response, in the frequency domain, presents a series of periodic maxima and minima (or
nulls). These minima depend on the position of the vibration along a fiber. Power spectral
estimation method is considered to denoise the power spectrum of the system and determine
these minima precisely in the paper. The parametric modelling methods such as
autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) model is used to improve the positional accuracy of
the system. The experimental results show the high accuracy of the position using ARMA
model.
Extensive attention has been paid to optical fiber microphone because of its especial merits, such as anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance, high sensitivity, safety and reliability. In the present study, a kind of optical fiber microphone array based on Sagnac interferometer using a broadband source is proposed. On the basis of the high sound quality and wide bandwidth of optical fiber microphones, the acoustic source localization theory is tested and verified in practice. The results prove the possibility of determine the location of acoustic source in a wide range of frequencies accurately. Besides its feasibility, the scientific value and application prospect, such as in battlefield and ultrasonic detection field, are great.
In this paper, feature extraction and pattern recognition of the distributed optical fiber sensing signal have been studied. We adopt Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) feature extraction, wavelet packet energy feature extraction and wavelet packet Shannon entropy feature extraction methods to obtain sensing signals (such as speak, wind, thunder and rain signals, etc.) characteristic vectors respectively, and then perform pattern recognition via RBF neural network. Performances of these three feature extraction methods are compared according to the results. We choose MFCC characteristic vector to be 12-dimensional. For wavelet packet feature extraction, signals are decomposed into six layers by Daubechies wavelet packet transform, in which 64 frequency constituents as characteristic vector are respectively extracted. In the process of pattern recognition, the value of diffusion coefficient is introduced to increase the recognition accuracy, while keeping the samples for testing algorithm the same. Recognition results show that wavelet packet Shannon entropy feature extraction method yields the best recognition accuracy which is up to 97%; the performance of 12-dimensional MFCC feature extraction method is less satisfactory; the performance of wavelet packet energy feature extraction method is the worst.
We propose a position determination sensor based on a dual-wavelength Sagnac interferometer. With the wavelength division multiplexing technology, the system has a unique feature of Rayleigh backscatter rejection. The obtained results prove that this new configuration can reduce the scatter noise. The location result is more accurate and the monitoring range is increased.
Distributed Fiber Vibrant Sensor System is a new type of system, which could be used in
long-distance, strong-EMI condition for monitoring vibration and sound signals. Position determination
analysis toward this system is popular in previous papers, but pattern recognition of the output signals
of the sensor has been missed for a long time. This function turns to critical especially when it is used
for real security project in which quick response to intrusion is a must. After pre-processing the output
signal of the system, a MFCC-based approach is provided in this paper to extract features of the
sensing signals, which could be used for pattern recognition in real project, and the approach is proved
by large practical experiments and projects.
An analysis based on the Jones matrix theoretical analysis is presented to study the polarization effect of the
distributed optical fiber sensor which was based on interferometer for disturbance location. A new improved distributed
optical fiber location system is designed by using a Faraday rotation mirror ,the system is insensitive to the change of the
polarization in the sensing part of the optic fiber, remove the linear birefringence and the orientation birefringence, the
practicability of the system is increased.
A novel distributed fiber-optic sensor system based on phase generated carrier (PGC) for determining the position of
disturbance is presented. The configuration and the operating principle of the system are illustrated, and the location
mechanism is analyzed. The location of certain disturbance is obtained by means of the PGC demodulation technology
with a new frequency domain location algorithm.Theory analysis and experiment results show that the proposed
technology can realize the detection and location of the disturbing signals rapidly and effectively. This method is simply
and can be obtained easily, it can eliminate the differences induced by the instability of detection signal, and can greatly
improve the position accuracy.
Distributed Fiber Optic Sensor for Position Determination is a novel position sensor and can be used as a monitoring
system in communication main of long distances. Single fiber is employed as the sensor in the system to pick up the
disturbances in the environment. The principle of the system is that for a disturbance signal applied at a particular
position along the fiber, the response, in the frequency domain, presents a series of periodic maxima and minima (or
nulls). These minima depend on the position of the disturbance along a fiber. An intelligent, reliable and real-time signal
processing method is needed in such a system to determine the position of disturbance. It is not enough to process the
signal of the system just using FFT (fast Fourier transform) algorithm. By using power spectral estimation and wavelet
transforming as the method of signal processing, the position of a random disturbance is successfully determined.
Based on the theory of Michelson optical fiber interferometer and Doppler frequency shift equations, author proposed a
new optical fiber non-contact velocity measurement technique. And the new method was successfully used in flyer
velocity measuring test. In the test, the optic fiber interferometer system not only measured the velocity which was
around 3km/s but also acquired the full explosion progress of flyer plates. System adopts large pupil optical transceiver
devices to improve the anti-deflection capability compared with the traditional self-focusing lens. Optical fiber noncontact
velocity measurement equipment which was simple structure, high sensitivity and adaptability could be widely
used velocity parameter measurement.
Optical-fiber vortex-shedding flowmeter is prospective in its application in the measurement field not only for the merits
up from vortex-shedding flowmeter but also those in optical fiber sensor such as flexibility, strong endurance, anti
electromagnetic interference capacity and adaptation in the flammable explosive environment. A new optical-fiber
vortex-shedding flowmeter based on white-light interference principle is introduced in this paper. Because of only
responding on dynamic disturbance, the all-fiber white-light interferometric flowmeter not only holds the high-sensitivity
of interferometric sensors, but also overcomes the instability of the traditional interferometric sensors, which tend to
being affected from the external environmental condition such as temperature fluctuation. At last, some experimental
curves are presented in this paper.
The expression system of uncertainty in conventional scale has been perfect, however, due to varies of error sources, it is
still hard to obtain the uncertainty of large-scale instruments by common methods. In this paper, the uncertainty is
evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation. The point-clouds created by this method are shown through computer visualization
and point by point analysis is made. Thus, in fusion measurement, apart from the uncertainty of every instrument being
expressed directly, the contribution every error source making for the whole uncertainty becomes easy to calculate.
Finally, the application of this method in measuring tunnel component is given.
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