Dr. Huahong Zhang Profile

Dr. Huahong Zhang

at Vanderbilt Univ

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Publications (3)

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Proceedings Article | 3 April 2023 Presentation + Paper

Domain generalization for robust MS lesion segmentation

Huahong Zhang, Hao Li, Kathleen Larson, Kilian Hett, Ipek Oguz

Proceedings Volume 12464, 124640Z (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2654373

KEYWORDS: Multiple sclerosis, Image segmentation, 3D image processing, Deep learning

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Recently, deep-learning methods have achieved human-level performance on multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion segmentation. However, most established methods are not robust enough for practical use in the real world. They cannot generalize well to images obtained from different clinical sites, or if training and testing datasets contain different MRI modalities. To address these robustness issues, and to bring the deep neural networks closer to clinical use, we propose the addition of data augmentation and modality dropout during training for achieving unsupervised domain generalization. We hypothesize that employing data augmentations can close the gap between different datasets and render the trained models more generalizable. We further hypothesize that the random dropout technique can help the model learn to predict results given any combination of MRI modalities. We conducted an extensive set of comparisons using three publicly available datasets and demonstrate that our method performs better than the baseline without any augmentation and approaches the performance of fully supervised methods. To provide a fair comparison with other MS lesion segmentation methods, we evaluate our methods on the test set of the Longitudinal MS Lesion Segmentation Challenge using the models trained on the other two datasets. The overall score of our approach is substantially higher than the current transfer-learning-based methods and is comparable to the state-of-the-art supervised methods.

Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Presentation + Paper

MRI subcortical segmentation in neurodegeneration with cascaded 3D CNNs

Hao Li, Huahong Zhang, Hans Johnson, Jeffrey Long, Jane Paulsen, Ipek Oguz

Proceedings Volume 11596, 115960W (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2582005

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Magnetic resonance imaging, Neurodegeneration, Control systems, Thalamus, Neuroimaging, Medical imaging, Magnetism, Databases, Convolutional neural networks

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The subcortical structures of the brain are relevant for many neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington’s disease (HD). Quantitative segmentation of these structures from magnetic resonance images (MRIs) has been studied in clinical and neuroimaging research. Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully used for many medical image analysis tasks, including subcortical segmentation. In this work, we propose a 2-stage cascaded 3D subcortical segmentation framework, with the same 3D CNN architecture for both stages. Attention gates, residual blocks and output adding are used in our proposed 3D CNN. In the first stage, we apply our model to downsampled images to output a coarse segmentation. Next, we crop the extended subcortical region from the original image based on this coarse segmentation, and we input the cropped region to the second CNN to obtain the final segmentation. Left and right pairs of thalamus, caudate, pallidum and putamen are considered in our segmentation. We use the Dice coefficient as our metric and evaluate our method on two datasets: the publicly available IBSR dataset and a subset of the PREDICT-HD database, which includes healthy controls and HD subjects. We train our models on only healthy control subjects and test on both healthy controls and HD subjects to examine model generalizability. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our method has the highest mean Dice score on all considered subcortical structures (except the thalamus on IBSR), with more pronounced improvement for HD subjects. This suggests that our method may have better ability to segment MRIs of subjects with neurodegenerative disease.

Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Presentation + Paper

Longitudinal subcortical segmentation with deep learning

Hao Li, Huahong Zhang, Hans Johnson, Jeffrey Long, Jane Paulsen, Ipek Oguz

Proceedings Volume 11596, 115960D (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2582340

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Magnetic resonance imaging, Statistical analysis, 3D modeling, 3D magnetic resonance imaging

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Longitudinal information is important for monitoring the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease (HD). Specifically, longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies may allow the discovery of subtle intra-subject changes over time that may otherwise go undetected because of inter-subject variability. For HD patients, the primary imaging-based marker of disease progression is the atrophy of subcortical structures, mainly the caudate and putamen. To better understand the course of subcortical atrophy in HD and its correlation with clinical outcome measures, highly accurate segmentation is important. In recent years, subcortical segmentation methods have moved towards deep learning, given the state-of-the-art accuracy and computational efficiency provided by these models. However, these methods are not designed for longitudinal analysis, but rather treat each time point as an independent sample, discarding the longitudinal structure of the data. In this paper, we propose a deep learning based subcortical segmentation method that takes into account this longitudinal information. Our method takes a longitudinal pair of 3D MRIs as input, and jointly computes the corresponding segmentations. We use bi-directional convolutional long short-term memory (C-LSTM) blocks in our model to leverage the longitudinal information between scans. We test our method on the PREDICT-HD dataset and use the Dice coefficient, average surface distance and 95-percent Hausdor distance as our evaluation metrics. Compared to cross-sectional segmentation, we improve the overall accuracy of segmentation, and our method has more consistent performance across time points. Furthermore, our method identifies a stronger correlation between subcortical volume loss and decline in the total motor score, an important clinical outcome measure for HD.

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