This paper presents a novel method to characterise spectral differences that distinguish leukaemia and
lymphoma cell lines. This is based on objective spectral measurements of major cellular biochemical
constituents and multivariate spectral processing. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) maps of the
lymphoma, lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia cell samples were obtained using a Perkin-Elmer
Spotlight 300 FT-IR imaging spectrometer. Multivariate statistical techniques incorporating principal
component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to construct a
mathematical model. This model was validated for reproducibility. Multivariate statistical analysis of
FTIR spectra collected for each cell sample permit a combination of unsupervised and supervised
methods of distinguishing cell line types. This resulted in the clustering of cell line populations,
indicating distinct bio-molecular differences. Major spectral differences were observed in the 4000 to
800 cm-1 spectral region. Bands in the averaged spectra for the cell line were assigned to the major
biochemical constituents including; proteins, fatty acids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. The
combination of FT-IR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis provides an important insight
into the fundamental spectral differences between the cell lines, which differ according to the cellular
biochemical composition. These spectral differences can serve as potential biomarkers for the
differentiation of leukaemia and lymphoma cells. Consequently these differences could be used as the
basis for developing a spectral method for the detection and identification of haematological
malignancies.
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