During recent years, the number of organizations making digital information available has massively increased. This evolution encouraged the development of standards for packaging and encoding digital representations of complex objects (such as a digital music albums or digitized books and photograph albums). The primary goal of this article is to offer a method to compare these packaging standards and best practices tailored to the needs of the digital library community and the rising digital preservation programs. The contribution of this paper is the definition of an integrated reference model, based on both the OAIS framework and some additional significant properties that affect the quality, usability, encoding and behavior of the digital objects.
The current explosive expansion of mobile communication systems will lead to an increased demand for multimedia applications. However, due to the large variety of mobile terminals (such as mobile phones, laptops .) and, because of this, a wide collection of different terminal possibilities and terminal characteristics, it is difficult to create a mobile multimedia application which can be used on mobile devices of different types. In this paper, we propose a mobile multimedia application that adapts its content to the possibilities of the mobile terminal and to the end-user preferences. Also the application takes changing device characteristics into account. To make this possible, a software framework is set up to enable negotiation between the mobile terminal and the content server. During the initial negotiation, the concept of the Universal Multimedia Access framework is used. Subsequent negotiations take place after changing terminal characteristics or end-user preferences, and this by means of time-dependent metadata. This newly created flexible and extendable framework makes it possible that multimedia applications interact with the content provider in order to deliver an optimal multimedia presentation for any arbitrary mobile terminal at any given time.
The number of terminals that have access to multimedia content by means of a network is rapidly increasing. More and more, the characteristics of different terminals are increasing in variety. In addition, their users can have different preferences. Therefore, the adaptation of multimedia content to a specific terminal and/or its user has become an important research issue. Such an adaptation is mainly based on two aspects: the description of the multimedia content and the description of the user environment. Both can be considered as metadata, and can be formatted in an XML language (e.g., MPEG-7 and CC/PP). However, it is not yet clear how we can realize a generic mapping mechanism between two such vocabularies. We feel that such a mechanism is necessary to accomplish a mature content adaptation framework. This paper describes how such a mechanism can be achieved. We attach requirements and preferences of the user environment to specific aspects of the description of multimedia content. Based on this information, we try to maximize the value of the adapted content, while making it appropriate for the terminal. We also take into account the extensibility of the existing vocabularies we focus on, because this means our mechanism will also be extensible.
Among some of the most popular multimedia formats available today
are: QuickTime, Shockwave, Advanced Streaming Format, RealVideo and {MPEG-4}. Since broadband Internet became widely available, these multimedia formats have strongly evolved and are extremely popular. This article analyzes these formats based on an existing reference model. This reference model is built on the state-of-the-art in three areas: temporal models, computer based descriptions and synchronization mechanisms. Out of these three areas a set of 10 criteria describing the reference model was created. In this paper we first shortly explain the reference model and it's ten criteria. Then each of the listed multimedia formats is mapped onto the reference model. Finally, a comparison based on the reference model is given. In the conclusions section we point out some of the strong and some of the weak points for the different multimedia formats based on the comparison.
A comprehensive approach to the access of archival collections necessitates the interplay of various types of metadata standards. Each of these standards fulfills its own part within the context of a 'metadata infrastructure'. Besides this, it should be noted that present-day digital libraries are often limited to the management of mainly textual and image-based material. Archival Information Systems dealing with various media types are still very rare. There is a need for a methodology to deal with time-dependant media within an archival context. The aim of our research is to investigate and implement a number of tools supporting the content management multimedia data within digital collections. A flexible and extendible framework is proposed, based on the emerging Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS). Firstly, we will focus on the description of archival collections according to the archival mandates of provenance for the benefit of an art-historical research in an archive-theoretically correct manner. Secondly, we will examine the description tools that represent the semantics and structure of multimedia data. In this respect, an extension of the present archival metadata framework has been proposed to time-based media content delivered via standards such as the MPEG-7 multimedia content description standard.
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