In this paper, we describe a solution of how EPON support multi-service access through layer 2 and its protection restoration scheme, which are fully compliant with current EPON standard. Through the class-of-service mechanisms built in and flexible protection restoration scheme, EPON can provide a QOS guarantee and high reliability while keep the simplicity and cost effectiveness of Ethernet.
The paper demonstrates a 4 X 4 optical cross-connect architecture including a micro-mechanical switch module and a wavelength conversion module. Three channel of 622 Mbit/s signals and a channel of 2.5 Gbit/s signal are generated and cross-connected. The 2.5 Gbit/s signal has been converted for a wavelength down-shift of 19.4 nm. After 28.4 km non-zero dispersion shift fiber propagation, the bit error rate is below 10-12.
KEYWORDS: Near field optics, Gadolinium, Near field, Stress analysis, Bismuth, Image transmission, Cadmium, Optical properties, Testing and analysis, Chemical elements
An interpretation of the dynamic caustics of optical shadow is presented for the mode II nonuniformly propagating crack by considering the higher-order expansion of the stress field near the crack tip. The asymptotical analysis of the local stress involves not only the instantaneous speed v(t) of the moving crack tip and the instantaneous stress intensity factor KII(t) but their time derivatives dv(t)/dt and dKII(t)/dt as well. Through the gradient of the nearfield stress distribution with radial coordinate terms of r-1/2 and r1/2, the mapping equations of the optical shadows of dynamic caustics are obtained for the fast running crack of shear mode.
The experimental methods of dynamic photoelasticity, optical caustics and the numerical method of finite element technique are utilized to study the transient response and the debonding failure of a cantilever beam of bimaterial with an edge crack in the center part of the main beam terminating at the interface with the reinforced beam. The isochromatic patterns are observed to investigate the bending wave propagation of elastodynamic stresses in the composite beam and the shadow patterns of optical caustics are recorded to obtain the response of the dynamic stress intensity factors of the crack tip in the main beam to illustrate the effect of the reinforcement. The stress distribution at the interface is analyzed to interpret the bond rupture of the adhesive layer of the composite structure. The experimental results and the numerical analysis show clearly the dynamic behavior of the composite beam before and after the interface debonding.
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