Based on previous anti-cat-eye effect imaging techniques sacrificing too much imaging quality to achieve substantial retroreflection reduction, an anti-cat-eye effect imaging technique based on light-field imaging is proposed. Relevant studies have been carried out regarding the mechanism and effectiveness of both antilaser reconnaissance and blinding for this technique. By applying the Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction theory and defining the microlens array as a superposition of a series of microlens units, the retroreflection formation of the light-field imaging system is theoretically modeled. Based on the physical model, the influences of defocusing on the intensity distributions of spots on both the light-field detector and observation planes are further studied. The results show that, compared with a conventional system with the defocus invariant and flexible reconstruction properties, the light-field imaging system not only increases the interference and blinding thresholds by nearly one order of magnitude but also reduces both the retroreflection maximum intensity and the echo-detector receiving power by more than one order of magnitude, which sufficiently manifests the superior antilaser reconnaissance and blinding performances of the light-field imaging system.
This paper establishes a theoretical model of silicon substrate irradiated by the combined laser which is composed of a high-peak-power laser and a continuous laser. We use the finite element method to analyse the temperature of the silicon substrate irradiated by the combined laser. Then we compare the damage effect of the silicon substrate which is respectively irradiated by the combined laser and continuous laser, which is under the condition that the average power density of combined laser is equal to the continuous laser. The results show that the laser can melt the surface of silicon substrate in a short time, while the continuous laser can not achieve this effect. The combined laser damage in silicon substrate is stronger than continuous laser.
In this paper, an experimental system for detecting the damage degree of the imaging optical system by using the cat's eye echo is established. The change mechanism of peak power of cat's eye echo is analyzed under different irradiation time. The relationship between the peak power of the echo and the damage degree of the CCD are established accordingly. The study found that the peak power of the cat's eyes echoes decrease dramatically, then increase significantly, then drop again, then increase again and decrease finally with the increase of the degree of damage of the CCD according to the damage order. In practical application, it is possible to judge the damage state of the enemies optoelectronic imaging equipment according to this rule.
In this paper, we establish the cat's eye echoes model of the optical imaging system under different damage conditions and analyze the influence of the damage to CCD layers on the cat's eye echo power. Based on this, the corresponding relationship between the echo power of the cat's eye and the damage degree of the CCD was established and verified by experiments. The results show that the field intensity is the strongest in the center of cat's eye echo in the imaging optics system, and the power of the echo increases dramatically and then decrease steeply and decrease slowly. The damaged status of CCD can be judged according to this rule. This study has certain reference value for the actual situation that the degree of the damage to CCD is required to be monitored in real time in the far field.
We numerically demonstrate the anomalous interactions of in-phase and out-of-phase Airy–Gaussian beams with intense excitation in nonlocal nonlinear (NL) media. We show that the stationary breathing Airy–Gaussian solitons and bound states can be formed with proper choice of the initial parameters. We report besides the traditional straight trajectory that the breathing Airy–Gaussian solitons can propagate along the sinusoidal trajectories, and the sinusoidal trajectories can be controlled arbitrarily. Moreover, we show the impacts of decay constant on the interaction dynamics of Airy–Gaussian beams in nonlocal NL media in detail. Interestingly, we find that the nonoverlapping bound states of Airy–Gaussian solitons can be formed in the interactions between two out-of-phase Airy–Gaussian beams.
An investigation of silicon melting occurring under femtosecond laser irradiation has been presented, The two-temperature model and photoionization model are introduced to calculate the free-carrier intensity’s evolution with time. In both models, the electrons density’s evolution under laser fluence F0 = 0.2 ,0.3, 0.5J / cm2 are performed. The maximum density reaching the threshold density for SPP excitation by these two model are discussed. For both single pulse and double pulse, according to the simulation data, the two temperature model have a more agreement with the experiment results.
The common generation methods of two-dimensional airy beams were introduced briefly. The disadvantage of generation method by utilizing traditional two-dimensional digital phase masks was analyzed as well. Based on this, the digital blazed grating was introduced, as well as its corresponding theories. It was proposed that the traditional two-dimensional digital phase mask and the alterable digital blazed grating could be combined to generate a comprehensive phase mask. Thus, the diffraction orders of the airy beams could be controlled by changing the periods of improved comprehensive phase masks. Compared to the traditional two-dimensional digital phase masks, the airy beams generated by the proposed comprehensive phase mask had the advantage of controllable distances between different diffraction orders. At the same time, the specific order of the Airy beams could be strengthened, and the others could be weakened, which was useful to the subsequent study on the propagation and control of two-dimensional airy beams. The experimental results showed that: the proposed comprehensive phase masks could distinguish between the different diffraction orders of generated Airy beams. As a result, the mutual interference between different diffraction orders could be avoided effectively.
The damages of TEA-CO2 laser to HgCdTe imaging sensor are researched experimentally and theoretically. The shadows, cracks and dark line are observed. There is a gap between photosensitive layer and CdZnTe which decreases light transmittance, so that the shadows occur. It shows that the crack damages begin from photosensitive layer. The sensor is irradiated by pulse laser, the absorptivity of photosensitive layer is strong, sharp temperatures fluctuations inside the sensor, leading to stress. With the stress increased, the cracks are observed on the surface of the detector. Cracked the surface of the substrate, and effective transmission reduced, which caused gray pixel response decline. The dark line in image occurs several times because Hg atoms separate out from the detector and gather together at the Si-COMS which makes a short circuit between silicon substrate and signal choice line. The volatility of Hg makes the short circuit is unstable, resulting in the dark line repeated in the output image, but the short circuit occurs by chance.
The universal liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) was widely used in many aspects of optical study. The working principles and application of LC-SLM were introduced briefly. The traditional Twyman-Green interference method which was used to measure the phase modulation characteristics of universal liquid spatial light modulator had some obvious disadvantages in the practical use, such as high environmental requirement and difficult interference fringes acquisition. The disadvantages of traditional Twyman-Green interference method gained the difficulty of carrying out corresponding optical measurement experiments. To avoid this, the traditional Twyman-Green interference method was improved in the paper. The experimental light path was designed anew. Distinct and stable interference fringes could be acquired by controlling the optical path difference (OPD) dynamically. To verify the validity of the newly proposed measurement method, the phase modulation characteristics of P512-1064 LC-SLM produced by Meadowlark Company were measured by utilizing the improved Twyman-Green interference method at the wavelength of 632.8 nm which was beyond the working wavelengths of the LC-SLM. A series of gray images covering the gray degree from 1 to 256 which were generated by computer were used in the experiment. An extra lens was added in front of a reflector in the optical path to control the OPD dynamically. 256 interference images were acquired after loading the gray image into the LC-SLM in order. After that, the acquired interference images should be pre-processed by several digital image processing methods for easier measurement later. Specifically, the method of gray filtering and morphological processing were adopted to make the interference fringes clearer and thinner in the corresponding processing. Then, the phase modulation curve of the LC-SLM was acquired through numerical computation of the cycles of the interference fringes. In general, the phase modulation curve we acquired was not so accurate in the practical use, as the LC-SLM was required to work from zero to 2pi in the linear interval. So, the nonlinear interval among the phase modulation curve should be compensated and corrected. Here, the method of inverse interpolation which was regarded as one of the most common phase correcting methods was utilized. The corrected phase modulation curve was acquired after numerical computation. The results shows that the improved Twyman-Green interference method could realize the dynamic control of the interference fringes. As a result, the method's requirement for external experiment environment was reduced and its feasibility was improved. Also, the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) between the calibrated phase modulation curve and the ideal phase modulation curve was reduced.
The plasma channel evolution tendencies are studied numerically with the change of initial conditions based on the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation. Then, the accuracy of an optical scheme to detect the plasma density inside the filaments is certified numerically. A Gaussian beam with pulse width 50fs, radius 2.5mm ranging energy from 10mJ to 50mJ at interval of 10mJ are simulated to yield plasma channel. With the augment of energy, firstly, the beginning position of plasma channel tend to be drew back gradually whereas the end position of the channel can be putted forward in a gradient form instead of continuously. Secondly, the number of peaks add one each time when the energy increase 10mJ. Lastly, the radius of plasma channel barely changes with initial energy up from 10mJ to 50mJ. On the other hand, plasma channel produced by a Gaussian beam with pulse width 50fs, energy 50mJ ranging the radius from 2.5mm to 10mm at interval of 2.5mm are simulated. With the increase of initial beam waist, the plasma channel length becomes shorter. The channel becomes broader and broader whereas the length of the channel becomes shorter. In order to verify the rationality of the approximation, Nornaraki detecting scheme through interference of the probe laser has been tested with the numerical simulation. As a consequence, the integral of refractive index along the radius direction can be replaced by the product of average refractive index and plasma channel diameter.
The 1064nm fundamental wave (FW) and the 532nm second harmonic wave (SHW) of Nd:YAG laser have been widely applied in many fields. In some military applications requiring interference in both visible and near-infrared spectrum range, the de-identification interference technology based on the dual wavelength composite output of FW and SHW offers an effective way of making the device or equipment miniaturized and low cost. In this paper, the application of 1064nm and 532nm dual-wavelength composite output technology in military electro-optical countermeasure is studied. A certain resonator configuration that can achieve composite laser output with high power, high beam quality and high repetition rate is proposed. Considering the thermal lens effect, the stability of this certain resonator is analyzed based on the theory of cavity transfer matrix. It shows that with the increase of thermal effect, the intracavity fundamental mode volume decreased, resulting the peak fluctuation of cavity stability parameter. To explore the impact the resonator parameters does to characteristics and output ratio of composite laser, the solid-state laser’s dual-wavelength composite output models in both continuous and pulsed condition are established by theory of steady state equation and rate equation. Throughout theoretical simulation and analysis, the optimal KTP length and best FW transmissivity are obtained. The experiment is then carried out to verify the correctness of theoretical calculation result.
The theoretical model of K9 glass irradiated by a 248-nm KrF excimer laser was established, and a numerical simulation was performed to calculate temperature and thermal stress fields in the K9 glass sample using the finite element method. The laser-induced damage thresholds were defined and calculated, and the effect of repetition frequency and the number of pulses on the damage threshold were also studied. Furthermore, the experiment research was carried out to confirm the numerical simulation. The damage threshold and damage morphology were analyzed by means of a metallurgical microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The simulation and experimental results indicated that the damage mechanism of K9 glass irradiated by a KrF excimer laser was melting damage and stress damage, and the stress damage first appeared inside the K9 glass sample. The tensile stress damage threshold, the compressive stress damage threshold, and the melting damage threshold were 0.64, 0.76, and 1.05 J/cm2, respectively. The damage threshold decreased with increasing repetition frequency and number of laser pulses. The experimental results indicated that the damage threshold of K9 glass was 2.8 J/cm2.
The supercontinuum produced by photonic crystal fibers has a very wide spectral width and good flatness, and it makes the applications of supercontinuum greatly expanded in many areas. However, due to the two-dimensional special structure of photonic crystal fibers and the complex nonlinear effects in supercontinuum generation, a specific kind of supercontinuum is not often easily to be obtained, so it makes the simulation of supercontinuum generation become very important. The widely used split-step Fourier method for solving nonlinear Schrödinger equations to simulate supercontinuum generation can not achieve a very high precision, because the high order nonlinear effect is often ignored and the nature of the algorithm also has an impact on the accuracy. So a high precision single step algorithm called Runge-Kutta method which is widely used for engineering is mentioned in this paper. Taking the higher-order nonlinear effects in supercontinuum generation into consideration, a more accurate and efficient calculation method of supercontinuum simulation is given by solving the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Simulation on the supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber has been made. While the incident laser pulse with the 120fs pulse width and the 800nm center wavelength transmits in a period of photonic crystal fiber, the supercontinuum that covers the wavelength from 500nm to 1100nm is generated. The flatness of the spectrum will get some improvement with the increase of the incident pulse’s peak power.
The hydroxyl radical plays a central role in the chemistry of the Earth atmosphere since it determines the
lifetime of many chemical species under both clean and polluted conditions. This paper gave a new method for
measuring tropospheric hydroxyl radical based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy(CRDS) which is a kind of
spectroscopic method and widely applied to measurements of gas species, metal clusters and radicals.
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