To establish a free-space underwater optical connection between a transmitter and a receiver suitable for operation in the single photon regime, techniques must be developed to compensate for: a) rotational and translational motions of both the transmitter and the receiver, b) their vibrations, and c) turbulence-induced deformations of the wavefront leading to beam wander, scintillation and beam spreading. The purpose of this work is to present and discuss experimental results obtained using a pseudo phase-conjugated mirror placed at the end of an underwater optical path disturbed by artificially induced turbulence. This configuration emulates a scenario whereby a modulated retroreflector is used to transmit the data back to the laser transmitter. The measurements obtained with the proposed retracing optical connection are found to be promising and pave the way for the use of this technique for quantum communications.
Military and civilian operations worldwide heavily rely on accurate position estimation provided by global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). However, in recent years, it has become apparent that GNSS is vulnerable to jamming and spoofing, necessitating the development of alternative solutions. Novel quantum-sensing technology offers promising alternatives, notably the Magnetic Aided Inertial Navigation System (MAINS). MAINS employs a combination of scalar (e.g. optically pumped magnetometers, or OPMs) and vector magnetometers (e.g. fluxgate sensors) to measure the ambient magnetic field. By correlating these measurements with a pre-established map of magnetic values in the region of navigation, the system can correct the accumulated errors of the inertial navigation system. In Spring 2024 a shared trial was organized by the NATO Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (CMRE), the University of Pisa and the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) in La Spezia, Italy. In this presentation, we will demonstrate the performance of MAINS using the magnetic data acquired in this trial.
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