Dr. Joerg Lehnert Profile

Dr. Joerg Lehnert

at Stony Brook Univ Hospital

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2009 Paper

Feasibility of amorphous selenium based photon counting detectors for digital breast tomosynthesis

Jiong Chen, Joerg Lehnert, Paul O'Connor, Gianluigi De Geronimo, Enrico Dolazza, Olivier Tousignant, Luc Laperrière, Jonathan Greenspan, Wei Zhao

Proceedings Volume 7258, 72581G (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.813361

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Electrodes, Photon counting, Digital breast tomosynthesis, X-ray detectors, Absorption, Electrons, Selenium, Quantum efficiency

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Amorphous selenium (a-Se) has been incorporated successfully in direct conversion flat panel x-ray detectors, and has demonstrated superior image quality in screening mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) under energy integration mode. The present work explores the potential of a-Se for photon counting detectors in DBT. We investigated major factors contributing to the variation in the charge collected by a pixel upon absorption of each x-ray photon. These factors included x-ray photon interaction, detector geometry, charge transport, and the pulse shaping and noise properties of the photon counting readout circuit. Experimental measurements were performed on a linear array test structure constructed by evaporating an a-Se layer onto an array of 100 μm pitch strip electrodes, which are connected to a 32 channel low noise photon counting integrated circuit. The measured pulse height spectrum (PHS) under polychromatic xray exposure was interpreted quantitatively using the factors identified. Based on the understanding of a-Se photon counting performance, design parameters were proposed for a 2D detector with high quantum efficiency and count rate that could meet the requirements of photon counting detector for DBT.

Proceedings Article | 2 March 2006 Paper

High voltage protection in active matrix flat-panel imagers

Joerg Lehnert, Wei Zhao

Proceedings Volume 6142, 61420S (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.655611

KEYWORDS: Amorphous silicon, Sensors, Interfaces, Electrodes, X-rays, Switching, Electrons, Imaging systems, X-ray detectors, Dielectrics

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Various direct and indirect active matrix flat-panel imagers (AMFPI) are being investigated for x-ray imaging. In both direct AMFPI and indirect AMFPI with avalanche gain, a bias potential up to several thousand volts is required to operate the photoconductor. Under the condition of a large amount of radiation exposure between subsequent readout, a potential >80 V could appear across the amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin film transistor (TFT) and cause permanent damage. The purpose of this paper is to investigate a simple pixel design for high voltage protection. The pixel electrode acts as an additional gate for the top channel of an a-Si TFT to drain excess image charge from the pixel electrode until an equilibrium is reached where the TFT channel current equals the detector signal current at a predetermined safe maximum value V_Pmax for the pixel potential. This "dual-gate" TFT structure without additional protective device simplifies the TFT array design and improves yield. However special care is required to understand the characteristics of both the top and the bottom gates to ensure sufficient detector dynamic range as well as reliable high voltage protection. A physical model for dual-gate a-Si TFTs was developed and device parameters were determined by fitting the model to measured characteristics from a dual-gate TFT array. Our results showed that compared to the bottom (normal) gate, the protective gate has a shallower transfer characteristics (i.e. channel current as a function of gate voltage) due to a higher density of states in the top interface. Nevertheless it provides adequate protection of the TFT with V_Pmax of ~40 V for typical radiographic exposures.

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