In the present work, an experimental system is implemented, and a theoretical model is built that allows quantifying atmospheric depolarization in the city of Santiago de Cali, Colombia. The experimental setup uses a LiDAR coupled to a Polarotor, which allows the separation of the backscattered light into its parallel and perpendicular polarization components. This device allows the use of a single photomultiplier tube, thus facilitating calibration procedures. The theoretical model is based on the Mueller formalism and considers the contribution of each optical element of the LiDAR system on the polarization of the backscattered light. This is achieved by assigning to each element a Mueller matrix and subsequently calculating the matrix associated with the whole assembly. The contribution of the optical elements of the system on the depolarization parameter d is determined. The corrections to the signals obtained are established, so that the data is not altered by the particularities of the assembly used.
The monitoring of the impact of aerosols in Latin America on a local scale is usually limited due to the infrastructure and instrumentation available. In Colombia, there are two international ground surface monitoring networks, the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) and the Latin American LIDAR NETwork (LALINET). However, the AERONET performance relies on only one sun photometer which makes measurements distributed among five ground-based stations in different cities such as Bogotá and Medellín. On the other hand, LALINET has only one ground-based station formed by an elastic LiDAR system located at Medellín. Although Cali is the largest city of Colombian southwestern, with an accelerated grown rate of both urban and vehicular fleet, and counts with the third largest population of this country, is not reached by these networks. Here, we report on the implementation of a monostatic-coaxial multispectral LiDAR system using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with 450 mJ of average energy at 1064 nm. To perform the atmospheric measurements, this system is capable of spatially resolving elastic backscatter down to 3.75 m with a Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) of 10 Hz. We have developed a hybrid algorithm for data analysis by combining the Fitting and Gradient method and the Klett-Fernald algorithm to estimate the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) Top and the optical properties of aerosols. This work constitutes the first quantitative atmospheric exploration to study the aerosols dynamics and the PBL in the northwest of South America.
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