Prof. Jussi A. Hiltunen Profile

Prof. Jussi A. Hiltunen

Coordinator, Research Professor at VTT/MedPhab

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Author

Publications (29)

SPIE Journal Paper | 15 November 2024 Open Access

Stress biomarker detection with a grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance sensor

Anni Ranta-Lassila, Duc Le, Teemu Sipola, Mikko Karppinen, Jarno Petäjä, Minna Kehusmaa, Sanna Aikio, Tian-Long Guo, Matthieu Roussey, Jussi Hiltunen, Alexey Popov

OE, Vol. 63, Issue 11, 117103, (November 2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.63.11.117103

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Proceedings Article | 10 June 2024 Poster + Paper

Detection of stress biomarkers cortisol and creatinine with a grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance sensor

Anni Ranta-Lassila, Duc Le, Teemu Sipola, Mikko Karppinen, Jarno Petäjä, Minna Kehusmaa, Sanna Aikio, Tian-long Guo, Matthieu Roussey, Jussi Hiltunen, Alexey Popov

Proceedings Volume 12991, 1299111 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3017594

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Cortisol, Wearable devices, Plasmonics, Surface plasmons, Plasmonic sensors, Error analysis, Chip manufacturing, Silicon, Gold

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Proceedings Article | 10 June 2024 Presentation + Paper

High-performance, robust, and compact grating-based surface plasmon resonance sensor for biosensing: utilizing a tunable laser

Duc Le, Anni Ranta-Lassila, Teemu Sipola, Mikko Karppinen, Jarno Petäjä, Minna Kehusmaa, Sanna Aikio, Tian-Long Guo, Matthieu Roussey, Jussi Hiltunen, Alexey Popov

Proceedings Volume 12991, 129910E (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3017505

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Tunable lasers, Glucose, Surface plasmons, Reflection, Biosensors, Silicon, Simulations, Point-of-care devices, Gold

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation + Paper

SPR-based sensing of physiological analytes using a tunable laser: towards wearable applications

Anni Ranta-Lassila, Duc Le, Teemu Sipola, Mikko Karppinen, Jarno Petäjä, Minna Kehusmaa, Sanna Aikio, Tian-long Guo, Matthieu Roussey, Jussi Hiltunen, Alexey Popov

Proceedings Volume 12860, 1286003 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3000329

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Glucose, Tunable lasers, Wearable devices, Plasmonics, Error analysis, Biosensors, Surface plasmon polaritons

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In stressful situations, concentrations of various molecules in the human body shift in response to the stressor. These molecules are measurable indicators of stress and are therefore called stress biomarkers. In many stress conditions, such as in overtraining syndrome, early detection of these biomarkers is highly important as the conditions are often not fully reversible. Early detection of the stress symptoms could be achieved with wearable sensors that would continuously monitor health information from different body fluids, such as sweat, urine, saliva, tears and blood. Compared to more conventional electrochemical or optical methods, plasmonic sensing could offer higher sensitivity, better stability and faster data collection while enabling implementation to compact devices. In this work, a sensor chip, based on grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance, is proposed for stress biomarker detection. In this work, we show a highly sensitive grating-based SPR sensor working in concert with a tunable laser within the wavelength range of 1528-1565 nm. The SPR sensor was designed using COMSOL Multiphysics software and was fabricated by means of UV nanoimprinting lithography. The implemented SPR sensor shows sensitivity close to 1200 nm/RIU, with a figure of merit (a ratio between the sensitivity and the full width at half maximum of the SPR dip) exceeding 400. The experimental results are strongly in agreement with COMSOL simulations. Such impressive characteristics of the fabricated sensor are among the best reported in the literature. The sensitivity of the chip was tested with two different stress-related biomarkers: glucose and lactate. With the tested range of 0 to 1.1 M, in the current version of the setup, without a receptor layer, the detection limits of glucose and lactate were 5.9 and 36.9 mM, respectively, which are close to the physiological ranges of these analytes in body fluids. The detection limit can be further improved with the sensor functionalization, thermal stabilization and mechanical isolation. When integrated into a wearable device, this approach has a potential in future healthcare applications, such as in continuous stress monitoring.

Proceedings Article | 17 March 2023 Presentation + Paper

Surface plasmon enhanced upconversion luminescence for biosensing applications

Duc Le, Marjut Kreivi, Sanna Aikio, Jarno Petäjä, Sanna Uusitalo, Tianlong Guo, Matthieu Roussey, Jussi Hiltunen

Proceedings Volume 12396, 1239604 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2647339

KEYWORDS: Optical gratings, Upconversion, Luminescence, Gold, Biosensing, Finite element methods, Fabrication, Surface plasmons, Surface plasmon polaritons, Reflectivity

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Proceedings Article | 26 May 2022 Presentation + Paper

Photonics integrated circuits from innovations to commercial solutions: MedPhab pilot line for accelerated industrial uptake

Jussi Hiltunen

Proceedings Volume 12148, 121480G (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2631229

KEYWORDS: Photonics, Medical device development, Manufacturing, Photonic integrated circuits, Medical devices, Diagnostics, Imaging systems, Failure analysis

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Proceedings Article | 4 March 2019 Presentation

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for beverage spoilage yeasts and bacteria detection with patterned substrates and gold nanoparticles (Conference Presentation)

Sanna Uusitalo, Martin Kögler, Alexey Popov, Yury Ryabchikov, Olga Bibikova, Hanna-Leena Alakomi, Riikka Juvonen, Ville Kontturi, Samuli Siitonen, Anna-Liisa Välimaa, Riitta Laitinen, Anton Popov, Gleb Tselikov, Ahmed Al-Kattan, Peter Neubauer, Andrei Kabashin, Igor Meglinski, Jussi Hiltunen, Arja Laitila

Proceedings Volume 10907, 1090703 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2513956

KEYWORDS: Yeast, Nanoparticles, Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Gold, Chemical analysis, Molecules, Chemometrics, Biological research, Spherical lenses, Signal detection

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In food industry, detection of spoilage yeasts such as W. anomalus and B. bruxellensis and pathogens such as certain Listeria and E. coli species can be laborious and time-consuming. In the present study, a simple and repeatable technique was developed for rapid yeast detection using a combination of patterned gold coated polymer SERS substrates and gold nanoparticles [1−4]. For the first time, a state-of-the-art time-gated Raman detection approach was used as a complementary technique to show the possibility of using 532-nm pulsed laser excitation and avoid the destructive influence of induced fluorescence [3]. Conventional nanoparticles synthesized by colloidal chemistry are typically contaminated by non-biocompatible by-products (surfactants, anions), which can have negative impacts on many live objects under examination (cells, bacteria) and thus decrease the precision of bioidentification. Here, we explore novel ultrapure laser-synthesized Au-based nanomaterials, including Au NPs and Au Si hybrid nanostructures, as mobile SERS probes in tasks of bacteria detection [3]. We demonstrate successful identification of two types of bacteria (L. innocua and E. coli) and yeast (W. anomalus and B. bruxellensis). They showed several differing characteristic peaks making the discrimination of these yeasts possible without the need for chemometric analysis [2]. The use of composite gold-silicon laser-ablated nanoparticles in combination with the SERS substrate gave distinctive spectra for all the detected species. The detection limit of the studied species varied within 104-107 CFU/ml. The obtained results open up opportunities for non-disturbing investigation of biological systems by profiting from excellent non-disturbing nature of laser-synthesized nanomaterials in combination with outstanding optical detection technologies [2, 3]. [1] Uusitalo et al. 2016, http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2016/ra/c6ra08313g [2] Uusitalo et al. 2017a, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0260877417302054 [3] Kögler et al. 2018, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jbio.201700225 [4] Uusitalo et al. 2017b, https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journalArticle/Download?fullDOI=10.1117/1.OE.56.3.037102

SPIE Journal Paper | 7 March 2017

Stability optimization of microbial surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection with immunomagnetic separation beads

Sanna Uusitalo, Martin Kögler, Anna-Liisa Välimaa, Jarno Petäjä, Ville Kontturi, Samuli Siitonen, Riitta Laitinen, Matti Kinnunen, Tapani Viitala, Jussi Hiltunen

OE, Vol. 56, Issue 03, 037102, (March 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.56.3.037102

KEYWORDS: Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Signal detection, Raman spectroscopy, Bacteria, Gold, Neodymium, Biological research, Nanoparticles, Magnetism, Microorganisms

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Proceedings Article | 15 May 2014 Paper

Toward large-area roll-to-roll printed nanophotonic sensors

Pentti Karioja, Jussi Hiltunen, Sanna Aikio, Teemu Alajoki, Jarkko Tuominen, Marianne Hiltunen, Samuli Siitonen, Ville Kontturi, Karl Böhlen, Rene Hauser, Martin Charlton, Arjen Boersma, Peter Lieberzeit, Thorsten Felder, David Eustace, Eliav Haskal

Proceedings Volume 9141, 91410D (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2052496

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Ultraviolet radiation, Photonic crystals, Polymers, Semiconducting wafers, Nanoimprint lithography, Manufacturing, Interferometers, Waveguides, Nanophotonics

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Polymers have become an important material group in fabricating discrete photonic components and integrated optical devices. This is due to their good properties: high optical transmittance, versatile processability at relative low temperatures and potential for low-cost production. Recently, nanoimprinting or nanoimprint lithography (NIL) has obtained a plenty of research interest. In NIL, a mould is pressed against a substrate coated with a moldable material. After deformation of the material, the mold is separated and a replica of the mold is formed. Compared with conventional lithographic methods, imprinting is simple to carry out, requires less-complicated equipment and can provide high-resolution with high throughput. Nanoimprint lithography has shown potential to become a method for low-cost and high-throughput fabrication of nanostructures. We show the development process of nano-structured, large-area multi-parameter sensors using Photonic Crystal (PC) and Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) methodologies for environmental and pharmaceutical applications. We address these challenges by developing roll-to-roll (R2R) UV-nanoimprint fabrication methods. Our development steps are the following: Firstly, the proof of concept structures are fabricated by the use of wafer-level processes in Si-based materials. Secondly, the master molds of successful designs are fabricated, and they are used to transfer the nanophotonic structures into polymer materials using sheet-level UV-nanoimprinting. Thirdly, the sheet-level nanoimprinting processes are transferred to roll-to-roll fabrication. In order to enhance roll-to-roll manufacturing capabilities, silicone-based polymer material development was carried out. In the different development phases, Photonic Crystal and SERS sensor structures with increasing complexities were fabricated using polymer materials in order to enhance sheet-level and roll-to-roll manufacturing processes. In addition, chemical and molecular imprint (MIP) functionalization methods were applied in the sensor demonstrators. In this paper, the process flow in fabricating large-area nanophotonic structures by the use of sheet-level and roll-to-roll UV- nanoimprinting is reported.

Proceedings Article | 1 May 2014 Paper

Polymer and composite polymer slot waveguides

Marianne Hiltunen, William Fegadolli, Hugo L. Lira, Pasi Vahimaa, Jussi Hiltunen, Sanna Aikio, Vilson Almeida, Pentti Karioja

Proceedings Volume 9133, 91331G (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2052251

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Polymers, Silicon, Polarization, Resonators, Interferometers, Refractive index, Polymer multimode waveguides, Glucose, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 22 May 2012 Paper

Interferometric polymer optical sensor for intravascular optoacoustic imaging

Daniel Gallego, Horacio Lamela, Meng Wang, Jussi Hiltunen, Matti Kinnunen, Risto Myllylä

Proceedings Volume 8370, 83700T (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.920461

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Polymers, Acoustics, Polymeric sensors, Transducers, Interferometry, Ultrasonics, Polymer multimode waveguides, Ferroelectric materials, Waveguides

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2012 Paper

Long single-mode waveguides made by imprint patterning for optical interconnects and sensors

Mikko Karppinen, Jussi Hiltunen, Anna Kokkonen, Jarno Petäjä, Noriyuki Masuda, Marianne Hiltunen, Jarkko Tuominen, Pentti Karioja

Proceedings Volume 8428, 842814 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.923621

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Signal attenuation, Polymers, Manufacturing, Cladding, Optics manufacturing, Optical interconnects, Optical lithography, Sensors, Polymer multimode waveguides

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Proceedings Article | 16 May 2012 Paper

Low-nonlinearity and low-loss silicon slot waveguides with ALD-grown thin films

L. Karvonen, A. Säynätjoki, X. Tu, T. Y. Liow, M. Hiltunen, J. Hiltunen, A. Tervonen, G. Q. Lo, S. Honkanen

Proceedings Volume 8431, 84311M (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.921805

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Silicon, Atomic layer deposition, Wave propagation, Refractive index, Lithography, Silicon films, Thin films, Deep ultraviolet, Titanium dioxide

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Proceedings Article | 8 May 2012 Paper

Layered polymer: inorganic composite waveguides for biosensor applications

Jussi Hiltunen, Meng Wang, Christina Liedert, Sanna Aikio, Noriyuki Masuda, Stuart Pearce, Martin Charlton, Pentti Karioja

Proceedings Volume 8427, 84270I (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.922267

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Refractive index, Polymers, Polymer multimode waveguides, Coating, Sensors, Interferometers, Biosensors, Cladding, Composites

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Proceedings Article | 31 March 2012 Open Access

Printed hybrid systems

Pentti Karioja, Jukka-Tapani Mäkinen, Kimmo Keränen, Janne Aikio, Teemu Alajoki, Tuomo Jaakola, Matti Koponen, Antti Keränen, Mikko Heikkinen, Markus Tuomikoski, Riikka Suhonen, Leena Hakalahti, Pälvi Kopola, Jukka Hast, Ralf Liedert, Jussi Hiltunen, Noriyuki Masuda, Antti Kemppainen, Kari Rönkä, Raimo Korhonen

Proceedings Volume 8344, 83440G (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.915206

KEYWORDS: Electronics, Manufacturing, Printing, Light emitting diodes, Organic light emitting diodes, Polymers, Neodymium, Sensors, Solar cells, Assembly equipment

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Proceedings Article | 23 February 2012 Paper

Polymer inverted-rib optical waveguide interferometric sensor for optoacoustic imaging

Daniel Gallego, Meng Wang, Jussi Hiltunen, Risto Myllylä, Horacio Lamela

Proceedings Volume 8223, 822343 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.910826

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Waveguides, Polymers, Interferometry, Acoustics, Polymeric sensors, Polymer multimode waveguides, Ultrasonics, Transducers, Optical fibers

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 2011 Paper

UV-imprinting of single-mode polymeric waveguides

Jussi Hiltunen, Meng Wang, Marianne Hiltunen, Jarkko Puustinen, Jyrki Lappalainen, Stuart Pearce, Martin Charlton, Pentti Karioja

Proceedings Volume 8069, 80690U (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.886782

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Polymers, Polymer multimode waveguides, Composites, Coating, Geometrical optics, Sensors, Optical lithography, Cladding, Refractive index

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Proceedings Article | 3 May 2011 Paper

Polymer based single and multislot waveguides

M. Hiltunen, J. Hiltunen, Antti Suutala, Jarkko Tuominen, Pentti Karioja

Proceedings Volume 8068, 806812 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.886815

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Polymers, Polymer multimode waveguides, Refractive index, Photorefractive polymers, Finite element methods, Coating, Cladding, Etching, Titanium dioxide

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Proceedings Article | 25 November 2010 Paper

Fabrication of polymer waveguide devices for sensor applications

Mu Cheng, Jussi Hiltunen, Meng Wang, Antti Suutala, Pentti Karioja, Risto Myllylä

Proceedings Volume 7376, 73761A (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.871119

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Polymers, Polymer multimode waveguides, Refractive index, Sensors, Nanoimprint lithography, Light sources, Absorption, Polymer thin films, Lithography

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Proceedings Article | 26 February 2010 Paper

Optical properties of atomic layer deposited materials and their application in silicon waveguides

Tapani Alasaarela, Jussi Hiltunen, Amit Khanna, Antti Säynätjoki, Ari Tervonen, Seppo Honkanen

Proceedings Volume 7598, 75980D (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.841524

KEYWORDS: Zinc oxide, Waveguides, Atomic layer deposition, Silicon, Refractive index, Prisms, Wave propagation, Optical properties, Crystals, Titanium dioxide

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Proceedings Article | 15 May 2008 Paper

Fabrication method to create high-aspect ratio pillars for photonic coupling of board level interconnects

C. Debaes, J. Van Erps, M. Karppinen, J. Hiltunen, H. Suyal, A. Last, M. Lee, P. Karioja, M. Taghizadeh, J. Mohr, H. Thienpont, A. Glebov

Proceedings Volume 6992, 69920T (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.782721

KEYWORDS: Multiphoton lithography, Polymers, Waveguides, Photomasks, Lithography, Optical interconnects, Optoelectronics, Ultraviolet radiation, Scanning electron microscopy, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 15 May 2008 Paper

Direct patterning of micro-optical structures by combined nanoimprinting and lithography

Jarkko Tuominen, Jussi Hiltunen, Antoine Wojdyla, Mikko Karppinen, Antti Suutala, Heli Jantunen, Renaud Bouffaron, Ludovic Escoubas

Proceedings Volume 6992, 69920B (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.781151

KEYWORDS: Optical lithography, Photomasks, Waveguides, Nanoimprint lithography, Lithography, Silicon, Reactive ion etching, Nanolithography, Scanning electron microscopy, Holography

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 2008 Paper

Electro-optical properties of BaTiO3-SrTiO3 multilayer thin films for waveguide modulators

Jussi Hiltunen, Mikko Karppinen, Pentti Karioja, Jyrki Lappalainen, Jarkko Puustinen, Vilho Lantto, Harry Tuller

Proceedings Volume 6996, 69960H (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.781163

KEYWORDS: Electro optics, Superlattices, Waveguides, Thin films, Modulators, Multilayers, Thin film devices, Electrodes, Polarization, Satellites

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Proceedings Article | 20 October 2005 Paper

Implementing a prototyping network for injection moulded imaging lenses in Finland

K. Keränen, J.-T. Mäkinen, E.J. Pääkkönen, M. Koponen, M. Karttunen, J. Hiltunen, P. Karioja

Proceedings Volume 5965, 59651E (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.625118

KEYWORDS: Prototyping, Lens design, Lenses, Manufacturing, Modulation transfer functions, Cameras, Optics manufacturing, Surface finishing, Tolerancing, Surface roughness

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A network for prototyping imaging lenses using injection moulding was established in Finland. The network consists of several academic and industrial partners capable of designing, processing and characterising imaging lenses produced by injection moulding technology. In order to validate the operation of the network a demonstrator lens was produced. The process steps included in the manufacturing were lens specification, designing and modelling, material selection, mould tooling, moulding process simulation, injection moulding and characterisation. A magnifying imaging singlet lens to be used as an add-on in a camera phone was selected as a demonstrator. The design of the add-on lens proved to be somewhat challenging, but a double aspheric singlet lens design fulfilling nearly the requirement specification was produced. In the material selection task the overall characteristics profile of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material was seen to be the most fitting to the pilot case. It is a low cost material with good moulding properties and therefore it was selected as a material for the pilot lens. Lens mould design was performed using I-DEAS and tested by using MoldFlow 3D injection moulding simulation software. The simulations predicted the achievable lens quality in the processing, when using a two-cavity mould design. First cavity was tooled directly into the mould plate and the second cavity was made by tooling separate insert pieces for the mould. Mould material was steel and the inserts were made from Moldmax copper alloy. Parts were tooled with high speed milling machines. Insert pieces were hand polished after tooling. Prototype lenses were injection moulded using two PMMA grades, namely 6N and 7N. Different process parameters were also experimented in the injection moulding test runs. Prototypes were characterised by measuring mechanical dimensions, surface profile, roughness and MTF of the lenses. Characterisations showed that the lens surface RMS roughness was 30-50 nm and the profile deviation was 5 μm from the design at a distance of 0.3 mm from the lens vertex. These manufacturing defects caused that the measured MTF values were lower than designed. The lens overall quality, however, was adequate to demonstrate the concept successfully. Through the implementation of the demonstrator lens we could test effectively different stages of the manufacturing process and get information about process component weight and risk factors and validate the overall performance of the network.

Proceedings Article | 18 August 2004 Paper

Photo-crosslinkable hybrid material with improved aging stability for integrated optics

Maja Kusevic, Arto Maaninen, Jussi Hiltunen, Marianne Hiltunen, Jarkko Tuominen, Pentti Karioja

Proceedings Volume 5451, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.545488

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Silicon, Signal attenuation, Refractive index, Integrated optics, Sol-gels, Interferometers, Zirconium dioxide, Materials processing, Optical components

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Proceedings Article | 28 May 2004 Paper

Directly UV-photopatternable PLZT thin films prepared with the sol-gel technique

Terho Kololuoma, Jussi Hiltunen, Markus Tuomikoski, Jyrki Lappalainen, Juha Rantala

Proceedings Volume 5355, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.528803

KEYWORDS: Thin films, Sol-gels, Crystals, Electro optics, Metals, Ferroelectric materials, Fabrication, Zirconium, Refractive index, Electron beam lithography

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Proceedings Article | 18 June 2002 Paper

Sol-gel technologies for multimode waveguide devices

Pentti Karioja, Maja Kusevic, Marianne Hiltunen, Janne Paaso, Jukka-Tapani Maekinen, Jussi Hiltunen, Kari Kautio, Harri Kopola

Proceedings Volume 4640, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.433291

KEYWORDS: Sol-gels, Waveguides, Tolerancing, Optical alignment, Ceramics, Systems modeling, Packaging, Optical lithography, 3D modeling, Manufacturing

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Proceedings Article | 15 May 2001 Paper

Low-cost organic pulse sources for integrated optical modules

Jussi Hiltunen, Juha Rantala

Proceedings Volume 4284, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.426862

KEYWORDS: Organic light emitting diodes, Electroluminescence, Telescopic pixel displays, Polymers, Excitons, Electron transport, Organic materials, Quantum efficiency, Integrated optics, Luminescence

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Proceedings Article | 15 May 2001 Paper

New method to fabricate 3D optical structures into glass-ceramic films

Juha Rantala, Ari Kaerkkaeinen, Jussi Hiltunen, Terho Kololuoma, Michael Descour

Proceedings Volume 4284, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.426858

KEYWORDS: Glasses, Ultraviolet radiation, Diffraction gratings, Diffraction, Sol-gels, Photomasks, Surface roughness, Information operations, Refractive index, Oxides

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