Prof. Kafil Akhtar Profile

Prof. Kafil Akhtar

at Aligarh Muslim Univ

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Author

Publications (6)

SPIE Journal Paper | 21 July 2023 Open Access

Clinical assessment of a low-cost, hand-held, smartphone-attached intraoral imaging probe for 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy monitoring and guidance

Shakir Khan, Bofan Song, Srivalleesha Mallidi, Shaobai Li, Hui Liu, M. A. Bilal Hussain, Shaista Siddiqui, Amjad P. Khan, Kafil Akhtar, Shahid Ali Siddiqui, Syed Abrar Hasan, Colin Hopper, Stephen G. Bown, Rongguang Liang, Tayyaba Hasan, Jonathan P. Celli

JBO, Vol. 28, Issue 08, 082809, (July 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.28.8.082809

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Tissues, Image segmentation, Cancer, Oncology, Biomedical optics, Tumors, Imaging systems, Light emitting diodes, Collagen

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SignificanceIndia has one of the highest rates of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the world, with an incidence of 15 per 100,000 and more than 70,000 deaths per year. The problem is exacerbated by a lack of medical infrastructure and routine screening, especially in rural areas. New technologies for oral cancer detection and timely treatment at the point of care are urgently needed.AimOur study aimed to use a hand-held smartphone-coupled intraoral imaging device, previously investigated for autofluorescence (auto-FL) diagnostics adapted here for treatment guidance and monitoring photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence (FL).ApproachA total of 12 patients with 14 buccal mucosal lesions having moderately/well-differentiated micro-invasive OSCC lesions (<2 cm diameter and <5 mm depth) were systemically (in oral solution) administered three doses of 20 mg / kg ALA (total 60 mg / kg). Lesion site PpIX and auto-FL were imaged using the multichannel FL and polarized white-light oral cancer imaging probe before/after ALA administration and after light delivery (fractionated, total 100 J / cm2 of 635 nm red LED light).ResultsThe handheld device was conducive for access to lesion site images in the oral cavity. Segmentation of ratiometric images in which PpIX FL is mapped relative to auto-FL enabled improved demarcation of lesion boundaries relative to PpIX alone. A relative FL (R-value) threshold of 1.4 was found to segment lesion site PpIX production among the patients with mild to severe dysplasia malignancy. The segmented lesion size is well correlated with ultrasound findings. Lesions for which R-value was >1.65 at the time of treatment were associated with successful outcomes.ConclusionThese results indicate the utility of a low-cost, handheld intraoral imaging probe for image-guided PDT and treatment monitoring while also laying the groundwork for an integrated approach, combining cancer screening and treatment with the same hardware.

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Proceedings Article | 4 March 2022 Presentation + Paper

Clinical assessment of a low-cost, hand-held, smartphone-attached intraoral imaging probe for ALA PDT monitoring and guidance

Shakir Khan, Bofan Song, Srivalleesha Mallidi, Shaobai Li, Hui Liu, M. A. Bilal Hussain, Mayra BaptistaLopesTeix, Shaista Siddiqui, Amjad Khan, Kafil Akhtar, Shahid Ali Siddiqui, Syed Abrar Hasan, Colin Hopper, Stephen Bown, Rongguang Liang, Tayyaba Hasan, Jonathan Celli

Proceedings Volume 11940, 1194004 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2609956

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Cancer, Image segmentation, Tissues, Oncology, Light emitting diodes, Imaging systems, Visualization

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SPIE Journal Paper | 11 April 2020 Open Access

Clinical evaluation of smartphone-based fluorescence imaging for guidance and monitoring of ALA-PDT treatment of early oral cancer

Shakir Khan, M. A. Bilal Hussain, Amjad Khan, Hui Liu, Shaista Siddiqui, Srivalleesha Mallidi, Paola Alacron, Liam Daly, Grant Rudd, Filip Cuckov, Colin Hopper, Stephen Bown, Kafil Akhtar, Syed Abrar Hasan, Shahid Ali Siddiqui, Tayyaba Hasan, Jonathan Celli

JBO, Vol. 25, Issue 06, 063813, (April 2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.25.6.063813

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Image segmentation, Photodynamic therapy, RGB color model, Cancer, Oncology, Imaging devices, Image analysis, Statistical analysis, Phototherapy

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Significance: India has one of the highest rates of oral cancer incidence in the world, accounting for 30% of reported cancers. In rural areas, a lack of adequate medical infrastructure contributes to unchecked disease progression and dismal mortality rates. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an effective modality with potential for treating early stage disease in resource-limited settings, while photosensitizer fluorescence can be leveraged for treatment guidance. Aim: Our aim was to assess the capability of a simple smartphone-based device for imaging 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence for treatment guidance and monitoring as part of an ongoing clinical study evaluating low-cost technology for ALA-based PDT treatment of early oral cancer. Approach: A total of 29 subjects with <2 cm diameter moderately/well-differentiated microinvasive ( < 5 mm depth) oral squamous cell carcinoma lesions (33 lesions total, mean area ∼1.23 cm2) were administered 60 mg / kg ALA in oral solution and imaged before and after delivery of 100 J / cm2 total light dose to the lesion surface. Smartphone-based fluorescence and white light (WL) images were analyzed and compared with ultrasound (US) imaging of the same lesions. Results: We present a comparative analysis of pre- and post-treatment fluorescence, WL, and US images of oral lesions. There was no significant difference in the distribution of lesion widths measured by fluorescence and US (mean widths of 14.5 and 15.3 mm, respectively) and linear regression shows good agreement (R2 = 0.91). In general, PpIX fluorescence images obtained prior to therapeutic light delivery are able to resolve lesion margins while dramatic photobleaching (∼42 % ) is visible post-treatment. Segmentation of the photobleached area confirms the boundaries of the irradiated zone. Conclusions: A simple smartphone-based approach for imaging oral lesions is shown to agree in most cases with US, suggesting that this approach may be a useful tool to aid in PDT treatment guidance and monitoring photobleaching as part of a low-cost platform for intraoral PDT.

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Proceedings Article | 14 August 2019 Presentation

Interpretation of ultrasonography indicators of photodynamic therapy treatment response in early malignancy of buccal mucosa (Conference Presentation)

Shaista Siddiqui, Ibne Ahmed, Kafil Akhtar, Shahid Ali Siddiqui, M. A. Bilal Hussain, Shakir Khan, Srivalleesha Mallidi, Amjad P. Khan, Hui Liu, Filip Cuckov, Grant Rudd, Liam Daly, Colin Hopper, Stephen G. Bown, Satish C. Sharma, Syed Abrar Hasan, Jonathan P. Celli, Tayyaba Hasan, Paola Leon

Proceedings Volume 11070, 110703Y (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2525982

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Ultrasonography, Biopsy, Cancer, Biological research, Light emitting diodes, Light sources, Inflammation

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Proceedings Article | 14 August 2019 Presentation

Photodynamic therapy as an alternative treatment modality for early stage buccal mucosa malignancy (Conference Presentation)

Shahid Ali Siddiqui, M. A. Bilal Hussain, Amjad P. Khan, Kafil Akhtar, Shaista Siddiqui, Shakir Khan, Hui Liu, Srivalleesha Mallidi, Grant Rudd, Liam Daly, Paola L. Alacron, Filip Cuckov, Satish C. Sharma, Ibne Ahmed, Stephen G. Bown, Colin Hopper, Jonathan P. Celli, Syed Abrar Hasan, Tayyaba Hasan

Proceedings Volume 11070, 1107053 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2525686

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Cancer, Oncology, Surgery, Radiotherapy, Light emitting diodes, Light sources, 3D image processing, Light, Luminescence

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Proceedings Article | 14 August 2019 Presentation

Design and evaluation of applicators for photodynamic therapy of oral cavity tumors in low resource settings (Conference Presentation)

Amjad P. Khan, Srivalleesha Mallidi, Hui Liu, Liam Daly, Grant Rudd, M. A. Bilal Hussain, Shakir Khan, Shahid A. Siddiqui, Syed A. Hasan, Kafil Akhtar, Shaista Siddiqui, Meredith August, Maria Troulis, Filip Cuckov, Jonathan P. Celli, Tayyaba Hasan

Proceedings Volume 11070, 11070BH (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2525860

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Cancer, Tumors, Therapeutics, Surgery, Oncology, Phototherapy, Biochemistry, Light sources, 3D acquisition

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