This study developed a Liquid Crystal (LC) device that incorporated lasers for machining with output power of the order of kW. The use of sapphire as a substrate along with an appropriate cooling system facilitated the LCs in enabling the control of the phase and polarization of high-power laser light, which is not possible in case of conventional LCs. The exposure of LCs to high-power laser light results in heat accumulation, which causes the destruction of the LC cells. As photochemical damage has a lower occurrence probability at longer wavelengths, the promotion of heat radiation is an important strategy for the application of LCs to near infrared laser beams. The phase control of laser beams up to 6 kW was achieved using the proposed LC substrate as a cooling plate and optimizing the cooling system. Moreover, we compensated for the variation in the properties of the LC with temperature via adjustments to the drive voltage of the LC.
In coaxial illumination telecentric imaging optical systems such as microscopes and imaging cameras, functions such as surface shape observation and wide-field confocal observation are realized by placing a spatial polarization control device on the pupil plane of the objective lens. The measurement principle is the detection of changes in polarization distribution between the incident light and the detected light. The slight change in the optical path that occurs with the reflection on the sample surface is converted into polarization information by the spatial polarization control device. Thus, changes in the light path caused by the tilt of the sample surface, scattering due to nano-unevenness, and focus out of the sample are projected as polarization images on the camera.
We propose a novel high aspect laser drilling technique for glass substrate assisted by supercritical CO2 instead of water. Supercritical CO2 has excellent solubility and fluidity, which facilitates efficient removal of ablated debris to the outside of the drilled hole. Thus, laser drilling using supercritical CO2 results in deeper, thinner holes than those drilled using air and water. In experiments conducted, glass slab was placed in an enclosure filled with CO2 around the critical point. Subsequently, a sub-picosecond pulsed laser focused and scanned on the sample created deeper and thinner holes with aspect ratios greater than 100.
We propose a technique that employs single fluorescent molecules for visualizing the distribution of strain induced in
microstructures. We sprayed single-molecule tracers on microstructures by ultrasonic atomization and traced the position
and orientation of the tracers by a single-molecule detection technique with a three-dimensional (3D) orientation
microscope, which consists of a conventional fluorescent microscope and a polarization-mode converter. By using 3D
spline interpolation, we visualized the surface geometry of a microelectromechanical (MEMS) device. We tracked the
3D position and orientation of tracers attached to a supporting beam of the MEMS mirror. The surface declination angles
calculated from the orientation of the tracers were in agreement with the tilt angle obtained from the 3D position of the
tracers.
In this study, we developed a novel strain measurement technique for electrochemically aligned collagen (ELAC) fibres
using second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. The ELAC fibres were prepared by a typical electrochemical
method and were subjected to cross-linking. For comparison with natural collagen fibres, polarization dependency of the
prepared ELAC fibres and that of a human Achilles' tendon were evaluated. The results showed that, because of crosslinking,
the ELAC fibres exhibit polarization dependency similar to that of the tendon but only in a region close to the
tendon. The relationship between SHG and the applied strain was determined by a combination of SHG microscopy and
tensile tests. The SHG from the ELAC fibres changed in the high strain region because of the applied stress.
We developed a compact polarization-converter using two liquid-crystal spatial-light-modulators with eight electrodes. The converter converted a linearly polarized beam to two orthogonal linearly polarized beams and a radially polarized beam, and the direction of the electric filed at the focal point were controlled three-dimensionally. We constructed a second-harmonic-generation microscope using the polarization-converter to observe three-dimensional molecular orientation and demonstrated the detectability of molecular orientation.
We have developed a second-harmonic-generation (SGH) microscope to observe the three-dimensional molecular orientation with three-dimensional high spatial resolution using a polarization mode converter. The mode converter consists of a parallel-aligned nematic-liquid-crystal spatial-light-modulator (PAL-SLM) and quarter-waveplates, and converts a incident linearly polarized beam to orthogonal linearly polarized beams or radially polarized beam. We combined the mode converter with SHG microscope to obtain the local information of the three-dimensional molecular orientation. We demonstrated the detection of three-dimensional molecular orientation of collagen fiber in human Achilles' tendon. For high precision three-dimensional molecular orientation measurement, we propose a technique to calibrate the dependence of SHG detection efficiencies on molecular orientation using a liposome.
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