Accent lighting is critical for artwork and sculpture lighting in museums, and subject lighting for stage, Film and television. The research problem of designing effective lighting in such settings has been revived recently with the rise of light-emitting-diode-based solid state lighting. In this work, we propose an easy-to-apply quantitative measure of the scene's visual quality as perceived by human viewers. We consider a well-accent-lit scene as one which maximizes the information about the scene (in an information-theoretic sense) available to the user. We propose a metric based on the entropy of the distribution of colors, which are extracted from an image of the scene from the viewer's perspective. We demonstrate that optimizing the metric as a function of illumination configuration (i.e., position, orientation, and spectral composition) results in natural, pleasing accent lighting. We use a photorealistic simulation tool to validate the functionality of our proposed approach, showing its successful application to two- and three-dimensional scenes.
Over the past several years there has been a rapid advancement in solid state lighting applications brought on by the
development of high efficiency light emitting diodes. Development of lighting devices, systems and products that meet
the demands of the future lighting marketplace requires workers from many disciplines including engineers, scientists,
designers and architects. The National Science Foundation has recognized this fact and established the Smart Lighting
Engineering Research Center that promotes research leading to smart lighting systems, partners with industry to enhance
innovation and educates a diverse, world-class workforce. The lead institution is Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute with
core partners Boston University and The University of New Mexico. Outreach partners include Howard University,
Morgan State University, and Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. Because of the multidisciplinary nature of
advanced smart lighting systems workers often have little or no formal education in basic optics, lighting and
illumination. This paper describes the initial stages of the development of self-contained and universally applicable
educational modules that target essential optics topics needed for lighting applications. The modules are intended to be
easily incorporated into new and existing courses by a variety of educators and/or to be used in a series of stand-alone,
asynchronous training exercises by new graduate students. The ultimate goal of this effort is to produce resources such
as video lectures, video presentations of students-teaching-students, classroom activities, assessment tools, student
research projects and laboratories integrated into learning modules. Sample modules and resources will be highlighted.
Other outreach activities such as plans for coursework, undergraduate research, design projects, and high school
enrichment programs will be discussed.
In this paper, we compare the power consumption of a "line-of-sight" free space optical (FSO) link and a radio frequency
(RF) data link. We investigate a 2.5 Gbps line-of-sight FSO interconnection, which consists of a vertical cavity surface
emitting laser (VCSEL) driver (MAX3795), a VCSEL laser diode (LD), a PIN photodiode (PD), a transimpedance
amplifier (MAX3864), and a limiting amplifier (MAX3746). It is shown that the total power consumption is about 370.6
mW in simple NRZ on-off keying (OOK) modulation format. Different lens configurations are discussed in terms of the
integration/setup efforts and the beam controlling effects. A 250 Kbps commercial radio frequency (RF) link comprised
in Tmote sky module (Moteiv Corporation) is explored to compare with the FSO link. The average power supplied to the
radio transceiver is about 50.76 mw. The estimated energy consumption for the aforementioned RF link is 2.03×10-4
mJ/bit, while the end-to-end FSO consumes 1.48×10-7 mJ/bit. This paper provides design outlines from the aspect of the
power consumption of FSO and RF wireless communication technologies for distributed sensor network applications.
KEYWORDS: High power microwaves, Antennas, Finite element methods, Waveguides, Waveguide modes, Magnetism, Wave plates, Diamond, Wave propagation, Radio propagation
Two dimensional finite element analysis with absorbing boundary conditions is use to model a variety of window materials for Vlasov type high power microwave launchers. The results of this analysis are compared with experimental studies and optimal choices are identified.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.