The field of nonlinear optics (NLO) has been continuously growing over the past decades, and several NLO data tables were published before the turn of the century. After the year 2000, there have been major advances in materials science and technology beneficial for NLO research, but a data table providing an overview of the post-2000 developments in NLO has so far been lacking. Here, we introduce a new set of NLO data tables listing a representative collection of experimental works published since 2000 for bulk materials, solvents, 0D-1D-2D materials, metamaterials, fiber waveguiding materials, on-chip waveguiding materials, hybrid waveguiding systems, and THz NLO materials. In addition, we provide a list of best practices for characterizing NLO materials. The presented data tables and best practices form the foundation for a more adequate comparison, interpretation, and practical use of already published NLO parameters and those that will be published in the future.
The field of Nonlinear Optics (NLO), launched about 60 years ago, has gained considerable momentum over the past two decades, resulting in an enormous growth in NLO publications for a wide range of material categories, including bulk materials, 0D-1D-2D materials, metamaterials, fiber waveguiding materials, on-chip waveguiding materials, and hybrid waveguiding systems. However, a convenient summary of NLO data collected since 2000 for these different material types has been lacking and would be a valuable resource for researchers in the field. Here, we present a new set of data tables showcasing a representative list of NLO properties taken from the literature since 2000 on the above-mentioned material categories. Furthermore, we provide best practices for performing and reporting NLO experiments. These best practices underpin the selection process that we used for including papers in the tables, and also form the foundation for a more adequate comparison, interpretation, and use of the NLO parameters published today and those that will be published in the future.
This study provides a comprehensive and up-to-date portrait of the skills desired by the Canadian photonics industry. To accomplish this, we investigate Canadian job postings on popular employment websites in the fields of optics and photonics to characterize clusters of skills in high demand. We supplement this investigation with an analysis of responses to a questionnaire distributed to over 300 companies with Canadian operations. We present the resulting information in a manner to support evidence-based policy decisions, such as recommendations for improvements to educational programs to better meet the training needs conveyed by the Canadian photonics industry.
III-V semiconductors present a viable solution for many nonlinear optics applications such as on-chip wavelength conversion, all-optical signal processing, environmental sensing, and quantum information. In this talk, we will discuss our recent contributions in the field of nonlinear photonic devices based on III-V semiconductors.
Photonic crystals can exhibit interesting optical properties such as peculiar dispersion, small group velocity, negative refraction and diffraction. Group velocity engineering in a certain wavelength range allows for enhanced nonlinear optical interactions, while higher light confinement achievable in photonic crystal waveguides leads to a reduced footprint for integrated photonic components. Silicon-based photonic crystals are relatively well studied,1–3 however, they are not suitable for a monolithic integration with active devices. III-V semiconductors exhibit light-emitting properties, large Kerr nonlinearity and negligible two-photon absorption in the telecommunication regime, and therefore are more suitable for frequency conversion, all-optical signal processing, laser absorption spectroscopy and microcomb generation for correlation spectroscopy applications. In this work, we theoretically investigate the design and fabrication of photonic crystal waveguides based on an airbridge Al0.18Ga0.82 slab for frequency conversion using FWM. We demonstrate a suspended Al0.18Ga0.82 layer fabricated by HF-controlled wet etching of an AlGaAs heterostructure, which selectively etched top and bottom claddings of higher aluminum concentration AlGaAs leaving behind the core suspended in air. We show, by simulations, that the group-index values of 25 over a bandwidth of 22 nm around 1590 nm in a dispersion-engineered W1 photonic crystal defect waveguide are possible enabling this device to operate in the slow-light regime where we also demonstrate a phase mismatch of nearly zero. Future designs can be optimized for longer wavelengths in the mid-infrared (MIR) as a promising platform to realize compact, slow-light enhanced integrated photonic components for sensing and wavelength conversion, thanks to the low propagation loss of AlGaAs in the MIR regime.
Two-dimensional photonic crystals are artificial periodic structures that can be made of a 2-D array of cylindrical nanoholes. Thanks to their unusual dispersion characteristics, photonic crystals may exhibit some peculiar optical properties such as extremely low group velocity. Photonic crystal waveguides can be created by removing a row of holes in a 2-D photonic crystal. In this work, we theoretically demonstrate third-harmonic generation in an air-bridge PhC waveguide based on a highly nonlinear material Al0.18Ga0.82As by exciting a slow-light mode at 1596 nm to match the refractive index of a folded-back refractive index mode at 532 nm.
We report on the experimental demonstration of nonlinear spectroscopy of crystalline quartz in the terahertz regime. Using accumulated time shift method in the time domain, we observe that with increasing the THz pulse intensity, the experienced delay increases. At higher field intensities, the delay increases with a smaller rate, demonstrating a phase saturation. Analysing the frequency response, we estimate a nonlinear refractive index of the order of 10−13 m2/W which exceeds its value in the visible range by seven orders of magnitude. Furthermore, a negative fifth-order susceptibility of the order of 10−30 m4/V4 is obtained.
Hyperpolarizability is a measure of the nonlinear optical characteristics of natural or meta-atoms describing how the atoms become nonlinearly polarized by the induced local-field. However, determining hyperpolarizability in the case of structured plasmonic meta-atoms is not straightforward due to their relatively larger sizes, unique shapes, and the index of refraction of the surrounding dielectric medium. Also, the order-of-magnitude of hyperpolarizability may vary with the frequency of light especially when inter-band transitions in metals become dominant. Here, we experimentally and theoretically estimated the order-of-magnitude of the 1st-order hyperpolarizability of gold meta-atoms that can be used in designing nonlinear metasurfaces.
Metasurfaces consisting of periodically arranged plasmonic nanoparticles could become a promising platform for optical filtering and nonlinear experiments. However, due to the high absorption loss of noble metals e.g. gold, the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) of individual nanoparticles exhibit very low quality factors (Q ~ order of 10), which is not suitable for practical usage. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a plasmonic metasurface with ultra-high-Q (above 1000) surface lattice resonances (SLRs) around the optical telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm by optimizing the LSPR of rectangular gold nanoparticles and the overall array size.
In this presentation, I propose the approach towards identifying interesting material candidates suitable for nonlinear photonics, and present the results of some experimental studies performed in this direction. More specifically, I will talk about our studies of GaN waveguides with wide electronic bandgap, suitable for the applications in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. I will also present the results of our experimental realization of passive InGaAsP waveguides that have potentials of being used for wavelength conversion to beyond 2 micrometers, thus expanding the operation range of well-established InGaAsP laser sources to the longer wavelengths.
Terahertz (THz) nonlinear optics is an emerging field thanks to recent developments in the generation of intense THz pulses. THz radiation interacts with the vibrational/rotational resonances of molecules. For example, water molecules in the atmosphere show a very rich absorption spectrum with hundreds of sharp resonances below 3 THz. We report on the first experimental demonstration of the nonlinear interaction of THz pulses with water vapor. We observed a strong nonlinear response of the vibration/rotation resonances to the THz pulses. The frequency response of the nonlinear Kerr coefficient is extracted from the experimental results.
We present experimental diode-pumped Yb:GdCOB laser performance using gain elements with a range of Yb-doping levels and thicknesses to optimize broadband amplification around 1053 nm.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.